摘要
目的环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)是一大类共价结合形成环形结构的非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA),在生物体内对基因表达具有重要的调控作用。本文拟对环状RNA的生物来源、特征、生物学功能,及其在肿瘤中的研究进展进行综述。方法应用PubMed和CNKI期刊全文数据库检索系统,以"环状RNA(circRNA)、可变剪切(alternative splicing)、生物来源(biogenesis)、生物功能(biological functions)和肿瘤(cancer/carcinoma)"等为关键词,检索1976-01-01-2016-12-10的相关文献。纳入标准:(1)环状RNA的生物来源、特征、生物学功能;(2)环状RNA与肿瘤之间的关系。剔除标准:(1)阐述机制模糊;(2)实验设计不严谨。符合纳入标准的文献127篇,根据剔除标准剔除文献66篇,最后纳入分析文献61篇。结果环状RNA作为RNA家族中一类特殊的内源性非编码RNA,如今已经提出了多种产生环状RNA的机制,环状RNA的形成受ALU元件的反向重复序列、外显子跳跃、RNA结合蛋白和其他因素的影响。由于环状RNA具有高度保守、稳定、在细胞质中丰度高等特征,随着研究的深入,发现其具有作为miRNA海绵、可变剪接调节器、转录因子和编码蛋白等作用。环状RNA可以调节大量肿瘤相关的miRNAs表达,环状RNA-miRNA-mRNA轴参与多个肿瘤相关通路的调节,包括促瘤作用和抑瘤作用。结论环状RNA有多种生成机制,且受多因素影响,由于其稳定、保守、表达量大等特点,发现其有多种生物学功能,且与肿瘤的发生发展有重要的关联,环状RNA很有希望成为肿瘤诊断的新标志物和肿瘤治疗的新分子靶点。
OBJECTIVE Circular RNAs （circRNAs） are a large type of noncoding RNAs characterized by their circular shape resulting from covalently closed continuous loops. They are known to regulate gene expression in vivo. The purpose of this review is to summarize biogenesis, characteristic and biological functions of circRNAs as well as its poten- tim role in cancers. METHODS Articles from 1976 to 2016 by Pubmed and CNKI full test datebase were retrieved using keywords ＂circRNA, alternative splicing, biogenesis, biological functions, cancer/carcinoma＂. Selection standard： （1） The biogenesis, characteristic and biological function of circRNA. （2）The relationship between cireRNA and cancer. Exclusion standard： （1） The state of mechanism is fuzzy. （2） Experimental design is not rigorous. According to the se leetion standard, 127 English articles meet the requirement. According to the Exclusion standard, 66 English articles were excluded and 61 articles were selected at last. RESULTS CircRNAs are special endogenous noncoding RNAs in RNA family, and several models of circRNA biogenesis have been proposed. The formation of circRNAs could be regulated by inverted repeats of ALU pairs, exons skipping, RNA-binding proteins and other factors. As circRNAs are widely expressed, highly conserved and stable in cytoplasm, with going deep into the circRNAs, they have heen found to serve as microRNA （miRNA） sponges, regulators of alternative splicing, transcription factors and encode for proteins. CircRNAs could regulate the expression of numerous cancer-related miRNAs. The circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis is a known regulatory pattern of several cancer-associated pathways, with both agonist and antagonist effects on carcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS There are several generative mechanism of circRNAs, and the processes was influenced by multiple factors. Given their high stable, conservation and abundance, they have various functions and are involved in multiple biological processes as well as may play important roles in c
出处
《中华肿瘤防治杂志》
CAS
北大核心
2017年第20期1480-1486,共7页
Chinese Journal of Cancer Prevention and Treatment
基金
广州市荔湾区科技计划(20141216070)
