摘要
选用具有适宜黏结作用的高分子材料和科学的壁画修复工艺,是修复保护莫高窟壁画最关键的两个技术要素。敦煌研究院自20世纪50年代起,就开始了起甲壁画修复材料的试验性工作,先后选择卡塞因胶(酪素胶)、天然动植物胶、聚醋酸乙烯酯类、乙基纤维素、丙烯酸酯类、乙烯基酯-丙烯酸酯共聚类、有机硅改性丙烯酸酯类等多种材料,分别进行了莫高窟壁画的修复试验。修复工作和实践证明,聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液(白乳胶)、丙烯酸及有机硅丙烯酸乳液和明胶三类是最适合莫高窟壁画修复的材料。莫高窟已修复的洞窟壁画已经历了数十年的自然环境考验,至今修复后的壁画状况稳定。但由于同种分子结构的化学材料来源不同,一些材料虽组成成分相同,但不同厂家的加工工艺和次要成分配比也不尽相同,因此需在实验室内建立材料的评价方法,对各种不同来源的材料进行实验室评价和考察,以保证和提高壁画修复工作的科学性和质量。
Choosing polymeric materials with appropriate adhesion properties and treatment uses are the key considerations for conserving murals at the Mogao Grottoes. Since 1950, many natural and synthetic materials have been tested： KAZAINA Glue （which may be the same as ＂Casein Glue＂）, animal and vegetable glue,Polyvinyl Acetate Emulsion, Polyvinyl Alcohol, Polyvinyl Butyral, Ethylene Cellulose, Polymethyl Methacry-late, Styrene-Acrylic Emulsion, Vinyl Acetate-Acrylic Emulsion, Vinyl Acetate-Dibutyl Maleate Emulsion, Gelatin, and Acrylic and Silicon Modified Acrylic Emulsions. Based on decades of in situ restoration work and practice, this research finds that Polyvinyl Acetate Emulsion, Acrylic and Silicon Modified Acrylic Emulsion and Gelatin are the most suitable materials for these particular cave murals. The murals at Mogao protected with these polymeric materials have remained in good condition for decades in the open air of the natural environmentin which they were painted. Due to differences in chemical structure, composition, and product formula, the authors believe it is necessary to set up a systemic and scientific procedure by which to evaluate and assess mural conservation materials made or procured from different sources, so as to guarantee and improve the effec-tiveness and quality of mural conservation.
出处
《敦煌研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第1期80-84,共5页
Dunhuang Research
关键词
敦煌壁画
保护材料
历史
研究
Dunhuang murals
conservation materials
history
research
