摘要
文章主要讨论口语构式"有/没(有)什么+可/好+VP的"在语法结构、语义语用功能方面的特殊性,以及肯定式和否定式之间的异同性。该构式来源于反问句,以疑问的语表形式表达否定含义,其中"什么"通过语境义吸收获得否定解读,"可/好"虽然在某些语境中可以省略不说,但在语用上有强化说话人主观评判的标记作用。文章指出该构式通过语用推理获得表达劝止的功能,除此之外还有表示谦虚、委婉、不以为然、反驳等语用功能。最后,文章着重讨论该构式肯定式和否定式的不对称现象,具体表现在主语选择、语气表达及出现语境等方面,并对引起这种肯/否定不对称现象的原因进行相应的解释。
This thesis mainly discusses the specificities on grammatical structure, semantic and pragmatic functionsof the Chinese oral construction“you/mei（you）shenme＋ke/hao＋AP/VPde”（“有/没（有）什么＋可/好＋ AP/VP的”） , and it also discusses similarities and differences between the affirmative and the negative sentences. Theconstruction originates from the rhetorical question, with the interrogative form expressing the negative meaning,in which ＂shenme＂（什么） is interpreted with the negative meaning through the context. The element as ＂ke/hao＂（可/好） can be omitted in a certain context, however, it can be used as a pragmatic mark to enforce the speaker’s subjectiveevaluation. And the thesis points out that the construction develops the function of dissuasion through thepragmatic inference, furthermore, it can show some other pragmatic functions, such as modesty, euphemism, disapprovaland contradiction, etc. The asymmetry between the affirmative and the negative sentences with the constructionis also discussed in the thesis in terms of subject, tone, syntax environment, and the causes for the asymmetryis also analyzed in the thesis.
出处
《语言与翻译》
CSSCI
2018年第1期23-30,共8页
Language and Translation
基金
教育部青年项目"基于事件结构的数量成分述谓性分析"(16YJC740055)
关键词
口语构式
劝止功能
肯/否定不对称
语用推理
oral construction
disapproval function
differences between affirmative and negative
pragmaticinference
