摘要
[目的]集成露地小型西瓜高产立体增密种植技术,创新小型西瓜露地茬口的高产栽培种植模式。[方法]在前期发明露地小型西瓜立体支撑装置的基础上,以"京颖-6"为试材,采用裂区试验设计研究了不同种植方式(ER:等行距种植,BSR:大小行种植)和密度(D1∶37 500株·hm^(-2),D2∶33 000株·hm^(-2),D3∶28 500株·hm^(-2))及其互作对露地小型西瓜生长、产量和品质的影响。[结果]种植方式和密度可显著影响小型西瓜植株生长、产量及果实品质,且两者之间具有显著交互作用。等行距种植方式下,以较低密度D3植株主蔓长、茎粗和叶片数较高,地上部干、鲜质量较大,单瓜重、坐瓜指数和单位产量较高。采用大小行种植时,以高密度D2和D1植株生长较快,地上部干、鲜质量较大,单位产量以D2较高。与等行距相比,大小行种植方式下小型西瓜长势增强,地上部干物质积累提高,产量显著增加,且果实中心糖、边糖含量提高,中边差减小,果肉酥脆或沙脆。[结论]在露地条件下进行小型西瓜立体增密种植时,采用大小行种植方式较为适宜,且密度为33 000株·hm2时,西瓜产量和品质较佳。
[Objective]In order to integrate the high yield feature of watermelon product with vertical and densifying technology,the present study was conducted to develop the optimal planting patterns for mini-watermelon cultivated in the open fields.[Method]Based on vertical supporting device invented previously,the plant cultivar,'Jingying-6'()was employed as the materials to study the effect of different arrangement patterns,(equal row(ER),big and small row(BSR)),and different plant densities(37 500 plants·hm^(-2)(D1),33 000 plants·hm^(-2)(D2),and 28 500 plants·hm^(-2)(D3)),on the yield and fruit quality of mini-watermelon using split-plot design.[Results]The results showed that all treatments had significant effects on plant growth,yield and fruit quality of mini-watermelon(P<0.05),and the interaction between arrangement pattern and plant density was also significant.The combination of ER and D3 produced the greatest number on the main vine length,stem diameter,leaf number,shoot dry and fresh mass,single fruit weight,setting fruit index and yield per unit.The combinations of BSR with D1 and D2 produced higher growth rate,and more fresh and dry matter accumulation in shoots.Fruit yield per unit in D2 was the highest among all density treatments.The study also showed that,mini-watermelon in BSR treatment performed stronger vigor and produced more shoot dry matter compared to ER pattern,and its yield was significantly increased.Moreover,its total soluble solid contents in both fruit center and edge were increased,and difference between center and edge of fruit was decreased.Fruit texture was crisp or sandy crisp.[Conclusion]Yield and fruit quality of mini-watermelon were significantly improved by applying the big and small planting pattern with planting density at 33 000 plants·hm^(-2) for vertical and densifying culture in open fields.
出处
《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
北大核心
2018年第2期59-64,共6页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(201636)
山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2016B06)
山东省农业科学院院地科技合作引导计划项目(2014YDHZ27)
关键词
小型西瓜
露地栽培
种植方式
密度
立体栽培
Mini-watermelon
Culture in open field
Arrangement pattern
Density
Vertical-culture
