摘要
为了探究不同播种方式对旱地小麦植株氮素利用及产量的影响,寻求旱地小麦最佳播种方式,研究了5种播种方式(沟播、全膜覆土穴播、膜侧条播、宽幅条播、常规条播(CK))对旱地小麦氮素积累和运转及产量的影响。结果表明,与常规条播相比,沟播、全膜覆土穴播、膜侧条播、宽幅条播各生育时期的植株氮素积累量和花前氮素运转量均有提高,其中,全膜覆土穴播最高;沟播、全膜覆土穴播、膜侧条播、宽幅条播4种播种方式的穗数和产量分别提高0.9%~3.1%,7.3%~20.5%,其中,全膜覆土穴播的产量提高20.5%;沟播、全膜覆土穴播、膜侧条播、宽幅条播4种播种方式的氮素吸收效率、氮素收获指数、氮素利用效率和氮肥生产效率分别提高0.9%~10.2%,2.6%~12.8%,1.6%~9.7%,7.3%~20.5%,其中,全膜覆土穴播最高。全膜覆土穴播可促进旱地小麦植株氮素吸收和运转,提高穗数和产量,最终获得较高的氮素吸收效率、氮素收获指数、氮素利用效率及氮肥生产效率,是适合当地推广的播种方式。
To explore the effects of different sowing methods on nitrogen use and yield of dryland wheat, the best sowing methods of dryland wheat were explored. Five sowing techniques including furrow sowing, film covering soil hole sowing, film mulch, wide precision seeding and drilling sowing were carried out. The results showed that compared with the drilling sowing, the nitrogen accumulation and the nitrogen translation to grain before anthesis in different sowing ways increased at different growth stages, of which the film covering soil hole sowing was the highest. The spike number and yield were increased by 0.9%-3.1%, 7.3%-20.5%, respectively. Among them,the yield of film covering soil hole sowing increased by 20.5%. The nitrogen absorption efficiency, nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer productivity increased by 0.9%-10.2%, 2.6%-12.8%, 1.6%-9.7% and 7.3%-20.5%, respectively, film covering soil hole sowing was the highest. Film covering soil hole sowing can promote nitrogen absorption and operation of dryland wheat plant, increase the number of spikes and yield, and finally obtain higher nitrogen absorption efficiency, nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer production efficiency, which is suitable for the local promotion of the sowing method.
出处
《山西农业科学》
2018年第2期207-210,共4页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03-01-24)
国家自然科学基金项目(31771727)
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303104)
山西省科技创新团队项目(201605D131041)
山西省回国留学人员重点科研资助项目(2015-重点4)
山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2017-068)
晋中市科技计划项目(Y172007-2)
关键词
旱地小麦
播种方式
氮素积累和运转
产量
dryland wheat
sowing method
nitrogen accumulation and operation
yield
