摘要
缩减作物实际产量与潜在产量之间的差距是当前作物科学研究的热点之一,对保障国家粮食安全有重要意义。研究冬小麦产量差和资源利用效率差形成机制及缩差增效途径,是大面积持续提高冬小麦现实生产力的迫切需求。本文概述了国内外作物产量差和效率差及调控技术途径的研究进展,重点综述了冬小麦产量差和资源利用效率差异及调控途径研究进展。指出造成冬小麦产量差和效率差的五大因素为:品种因素、气候因素、土壤因素、人为管理措施和技术因素以及农户决策因素。最后提出了我国冬小麦产量差和资源利用效率差异及调控技术途径的发展方向:建立基于云数据分析的区域化冬小麦产量差和资源利用效率差异智慧调控途径;拓展冬小麦轮作系统下产量差和资源利用效率差异及调控途径的研究;创建区域模式化简化冬小麦缩差增效技术途径。冬小麦产量差和资源利用效率差异缩减技术创建是我国农业通向精准农业、绿色农业、均衡农业、高产高效农业的必由之路。以上研究进展为我国冬小麦缩差增效提供了理论依据和技术支撑。
Reducing the gaps between actual yield and potential yield of crops is one of the current topics in crop science research,and is of great significance in ensuring food security.It is essential to explore the mechanisms underlying the gaps in grain yield and differences in resource utilization efficiency of winter wheat cultivation,to establish the strategies to reduce these gaps,and sustainably meet the requirements of increased total productivity of winter wheat worldwide.In this paper,the overall progress of research regarding the gaps in crop yield,differences in resource use efficiency,and the regulatory technology approaches at home and abroad are summarized first,and then placed in the context of winter wheat cultivation.The five major factors that lead to large gaps in yield and resource use efficiency differences in winter wheat are variety,climate,soil,human management technical factors,and farmers’decision-making.Finally,the following development directions to address these issues in China are proposed:a region-wise control approach based on cloud data analysis should be established;and research on yield gaps,resource use efficiency,and the regulatory approaches under various winter wheat rotation systems should be expanded.Technology approaches involving simplified models for different winter wheat production regions should be developed.Designing technological solutions to bridge the gaps in grain yield and resource use efficiency in winter wheat is inevitable means by which China can lead in the fields of precision agriculture,green agriculture,balanced agriculture,and high-yield and high-efficiency agriculture.The research progress discussed herein provides a theoretical basis and technical support for reducing these differences and enhancing the yield and efficiency of winter wheat in China.
作者
吴芬
徐萍
郭海谦
张正斌
WU Fen;XU Ping;GUO Haiqian;ZHANG Zhengbin(Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Hebei Key Laboratory of Water-saving Agriculture,Shijiazhuang 050022,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Shijiazhuang Agricultural Product Quality Testing Center,Shijiazhuang 050021,China;Innovative Academy of Seed Design,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)
出处
《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第10期1551-1567,共17页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300105)
河北省重点研发计划项目(20326403D)
中国科学院种子创新研究院项目(Y905023208)资助。
关键词
冬小麦
产量差
资源利用效率差异
调控途径
Winter wheat
Yield gap
Resource use efficiency difference
Regulatory approach
