摘要
城市节水潜力为城市用水现状与当前技术、工程和管理可以达到的先进水平下用水状态的差距。根据正态分布规律,以偏离均值一个标准差作为标杆临界点,确定城市用水先进水平,并基于此构建了城市节水潜力系数模型,对我国城市节水潜力进行了综合评估。结果表明:2007-2014年间,我国城市整体及各城市类群的万元GDP节水潜力系数、人均综合节水潜力系数和人均生活节水潜力系数均逐年下降,即城市之间的水效差距在不断缩近,基于城市对标的节水潜力不断变小,其中生活节水潜力系数最小,生活节水已渐入瓶颈期;相比之下,各城市之间的工业水效差距有拉大趋势,通过城市对标学习进行节水尚有一定的挖潜空间,特别是二产比重低的城市工业节水潜力较大,是未来城市工业节水的重点管理对象。
Urban water saving potential is defined as the gap between urban water-use present situation and the advanced situation under current accessible technology,engineering and management. The advanced situation is determined with a tipping point of a standard deviation from the mean according to normal distribution law. Based on the definition,an urban water-saving potential coefficient model was established to evaluate China＇s urban water-saving potential. The result shows that from 2007 to 2014,China＇s overall and different city-groups＇ urban water saving potential coefficients of comprehensive water consumption per unit GDP（ 10000 CNY）,comprehensive water consumption per capita and domestic water consumption per capita all declined year by year,that means urban water use efficiency gap among different cities were narrowing and the water saving potential based on cities＇ benchmarking was becoming smaller and smaller. By contrast,the minimum domestic water saving potential coefficient indicates that urban domestic water saving has gradually into a bottleneck period. While different cities＇ industrial water use efficiency gap has a widening trend,therefore there are still some space for industrial water saving based on cities＇ benchmarking,especially in those cities with low proportion of secondary industry,they will be the key managed objects in the future.
出处
《干旱区资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第12期1-7,共7页
Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment
基金
中国人民大学重大基础研究计划项目(12XNL005)研究成果
关键词
水资源
节水潜力
用水效率
城市
water resource
water saving potential
wateruse efficiency
city
