摘要
政府主导下的宅基地有偿退出具有浓厚的计划经济色彩,在实践中或为追求建设用地指标而损害农民利益,或因忽视了土地市场规律而给地方财政带来巨大压力。基于四川、重庆、浙江、西藏、吉林等地的实地调研,从宅基地退出涉及的产权主体和实施主体角度归纳当前宅基地有偿退出的实践类型,分析不同主体情景下的成效与问题。结果表明,当前宅基地有偿退出实践有是否履行住房保障职能两种情景,根据政府介入方式和程度的不同又可细化为农民偶然退出、隐性市场行为、经济或社会导向型政府主导等类型,尽管实施主体和驱动力有所不同,但普遍存在退出主体不健全、退出客体权能残缺、政府主导下市场关系被忽略、退出机制不健全等问题。研究表明,政府完善基础性制度环境和宅基地制度安排、以市场机制进行资源配置更有助于宅基地有偿退出。因此,应健全农村宅基地产权制度相关的法律体系;明确界定宅基地所有权和使用权,完善土地登记制度和流转制度;完善集体经济组织法人治理结构,建立成员身份的进入和退出机制;制定市场规则,建立农村土地的市场化价格机制;构建城乡一体化的户籍、就业、社会保障等基础性制度。
Government driven rural homestead buyout programs with strong characteristics of planned-economy practically hurts the interests of rural residents and imposes a big financial burden to the local governments. Based on a survey data from Sichuan, Chongqing, Zhejiang, Tibet and Jilin regions, this paper analyzed the effectiveness of different homestead buyout programs under different property ownership scenarios. Results show that depending on the different degrees of government involvement, current two main types of buyout programs, which can guarantee the rural residency, can be further divided into four categories： including resident＇s accidental participation in the buyout program, hidden marketing driven buyout programs, economy or society driven buyout programs, and government driven buyout programs. In addition, this paper also identified some associated problems of the homestead buyout programs, including the unclear buyout subjects, the imperfect power of the buyout objects, the negligence of the market functions, and the incomplete buyout mechanism. To further improve the effectiveness of the rural homestead buyout programs, this paper suggests： to improve the supporting legal system to clarify the ownership and use right of rural homestead, to reform the rural land registration and circulation system, to perfect the corporate governance structure of collective economic organizations, to build reasonable market rules for rural land, especially the mechanism of market price, and to promote the reform of the basic social systems.
出处
《农业现代化研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第1期19-27,共9页
Research of Agricultural Modernization
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(15BJY089)
四川省社会科学研究"十三五"规划项目(SC17C004)~~
关键词
农村宅基地
有偿退出
市场化
政府主导
退出主体
退出客体
rural homestead
buyout programs
marketization
government involvement
buyout subjects
buyont objects
