摘要
目的分析三水区2012-2016年麻疹疫情的人群发病特征,有针对性地研究加强麻疹预防控制的切入点,为更好地防控麻疹疫情提供依据。方法收集2012-2016年三水区麻疹病例资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果三水区2012-2016年报告麻疹病例96例,年均发病率3.61/10万,病例主要集中在西南街道和乐平镇,占总病例数的75%;以6-8月为高发季节,占总病例数的76.04%;年龄15岁以上病例最多,占总病例数的50%;8月龄至14岁病例组中,无接种史及接种史不详的占65.22%;户籍人口病例占比有逐年增加趋势;麻疹病例出疹到报告的间隔时间,年平均为3.2-3.8天;发病前7-21天明确去过医院的比例为29.17%。结论三水区麻疹疫情受周边地区麻疹高发和院感因素的影响,成人和小于8月龄儿童患者所占比例大,免疫对象含麻疹成分疫苗接种不及时,应加强儿童免疫预防管理,开展麻疹风险评估,提高含麻类疫苗的接种率和及时率,强化疑似病例的调查、疫点处置及实验室检测,控制医院感染的发生,加强查验证工作、免疫规划和麻疹预防的宣传教育。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles outbreak in Sanshui district from 2012 to2016 and study the entry point of strengthening the prevention and control of measles,and provide support for the prevention and control of measles epidemic. Methods The data of measles cases in Sanshui district from 2012 to 2016 were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. Results Ninety-six cases were reported by the results of measles cases of Sanshui district from 2012 to 2016,the average incidence rate was 3. 61/100000,cases were mainly concentrated in the street of Xinan and the town of Leping,accounting for 75% of the total cases. From June to August,it was a high incidence season,accounting for 76. 04% of the total cases. Over 15 years of age were the maximum proportion,accounting for 50%; Between 8 month old and 14 years of age,65. 22% of the patients with no history of vaccination or with a history of vaccination were unknown; the trend of household population cases increased year by year the annual average of the interval time of measles rash to report was 3. 17-3. 8 days; The proportion of patients who had been to the hospital 7-21 days before the onset was29. 17%. Conclusion The measles epidemic in Sanshui district is affected by the high incidence of measles and the sense of hospital in the surrounding area. Adults and children who is less than 8 month old accounted for a large proportion of patients. The immune targets contain measles was not in time. The vaccination is not timely enough. It should strengthen the management of children’s immunization,carry out measles risk assessment,improve the content of hemp vaccination rate and the timely rate,strengthen the investigation and disposal of epidemic and laboratory detection of suspected cases,hospital infection control,strengthen publicity and education work and check verification and prevention of measles immunization.
出处
《中国公共卫生管理》
2017年第6期846-849,共4页
Chinese Journal of Public Health Management
关键词
麻疹
疫情
防控策略
measles
epidemic situation
prevention strategy
