摘要
目的】为双孢蘑菇培养料配方的优化、利用与创新提供理论依据和技术支持。【方法】本研究以4组不同配方(全麦草、麦草混合稻草、麦草混合玉米秸秆和麦草混合菇渣)培养料为试材,采用二次发酵技术进行隧道式发酵,在温度、湿度、通风等可控的菇房进行双孢蘑菇栽培,并按照工厂化栽培工艺进行菇房管理,栽培菌种为Sylven A15。在堆肥和蘑菇栽培的不同时期对培养料进行取样,测定其含水量、p H、电导率、含碳量、灰分含量、含氮量、C/N比等7项理化指标并利用多元回归分析探索各指标与产量间的相关性,同时参照UPOV测定并分析各潮双孢蘑菇子实体的菌盖直径、菌盖厚度、单菇重量、硬度等农艺性状。【结果】从发酵期至出菇期,4个配方培养料的含水量、p H均呈下降趋势,二次发酵结束时4个配方的培养料含水量都达到70%,全麦草配方培养料在二次发酵结束时p H为9.02,显著高于其他配方。在二次发酵结束后电导率均为上升趋势,麦草混合菇渣配方培养料的电导率值在建堆期显著高于其他配方,而一次发酵结束时其电导率显著低于其他配方。灰分含量呈现上升趋势,在二次发酵结束时,全麦草配方的灰分含量显著低于其他3个配方。含碳量的变化呈下降趋势,二次发酵结束时,全麦草配方的含碳量明显高于其他3个配方,而且出菇期下降趋势最为明显。二次发酵结束后,培养料的含氮量是提高一潮菇产量的重要指标,达到1.97%—2.25%。进入出菇期后,随着菌丝体对培养料营养的消耗与利用,各配方的含氮量逐渐降低,麦草混合菇渣配方的含氮量显著高于其他配方。出菇期全麦草配方培养料的含水量最高,双孢蘑菇的农艺性状最为稳定,总产量也最高。全麦草配方、麦草混合稻草配方、麦草混合玉米秸配方二潮菇的产量最高,分别为3061.41、2 534.47和2 534.47 kg,分别占�
【Objective】In order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for Agaricus bisporus cultivation in formula optimization and resource utilization.【Method】Four formulas of different substrates were performed as substrate materials,including wheat straw formula（T1）,wheat and rice straw mixing formula（T2）,wheat straw and corn stalk mixing formula（T3）,and wheat straw and spent compost mixing formula（T4）.The substrates were composted using the secondary fermentation method in the factory fermentation tunnel.Mushroom management proceeded in standard mushroom room workshop with controllable temperature,humidity and ventilation.The culture strain was Sylven A15.Substrate samples were collected at different time during composting and mushroom cultivation.Seven physical and chemical properties were measured,including water content,p H value,conductivity,carbon content,ash content,nitrogen content,and C/N ratio.The relationship between the physicochemical properties and corresponding yields were analyzed by multiple regression analysis.The agronomic traits of mushroom,such as mushroom weight,pileus diameter,pileus thickness and fruit body hardness,were analyzed based on the UPOV method.【Result】The results showed that both water content and p H of the substrates in the four formulas were declined from the composting to cultivation periods.At the end of secondary fermentation,water content of the four formulas was about 70%,and the p H of formula T1 was 9.02.They were significantly higher than other formulations.The conductivity started to rise at the end of secondary fermentation.The conductivity of the four formulas softly increased during the secondary fermentation except T4 which underwent a significant declining at first fermentation stage.The ash content of the samples presented an upward trend.While at the end of the secondary fermentation,the ash content of formula T1 was significantly lower than that of the other three.The carbon content was continuously decreased during the cultur
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第23期4622-4631,共10页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系(PXM2017_014207_000058)
新疆维吾尔自治区园艺学重点学科基金(2016-10758-3)
北京市科技新星项目(xx2015B025)
关键词
双孢蘑菇
培养料
理化性状
农艺性状
产量
Agaricus bisporus
substrates
the physical and chemical properties
agronomic traits
yield
