摘要
中世纪欧洲城乡关系是对立关系,这是一种辩证的对立统一关系。从经济生活层面看,中世纪西欧城乡是共生和互动的:农村向城市供应资源,城市为农村提供工商服务。更重要的是,在这种共存与互动的静态表象下,城市实际上导引着城乡关系向近代方向的转变。城市最初以极具渗透力的商品货币关系,侵蚀着乡村的农本经济,解构了乡村的封建关系。而当城市因其一定的封建属性而束缚了自身发展时,城市要素又向农村转移,促使乡村工业兴旺,客观上强化了城市和城市资本对农村的支配力,并使乡村逐渐变成城市的依附者和从属物。在乡村工业基础上形成的新型城市,成为这些乡村工业区的控制中心,近代的乡村城市化模式由此诞生。
Karl Marx once argued that it is an antagonistic relationship between town and countryside in medieval Europe. But this is a kind of dialectical relationship with both opposition and unification.From the aspect of the economic life,the town and countryside in medieval Europe were symbiotic and interactive. The rural areas supplied resources to the towns while the towns provided the industrial and commercial services for the rural areas. What is more,under the static appearance of the coexistence and interaction, the towns actually guided the transition of the relationship between town and countryside towards the modern direction. The town initially eroded the rural economy of agriculture and deconstructed the feudal system in the rural areas by depending on the commodity-money economy with great penetration. When the development of the towns were constrained by their feudal natures,the urban elements were transferred to the countryside,stimulating the prosperity of the rural industry.Accordingly,the objective result was to strengthen the controlling power of the towns and the urban capital over the countryside,and to make the rural areas gradually become the dependent and subordinate of the towns. The cities which newly formed on the basis of the rural industry have becomethe controlling center for these rural industrial areas. This therefore triggers the emergence of the model of the rural urbanization in the modern times.
出处
《世界历史》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第6期33-49,共17页
World History
基金
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"欧洲农村城镇化进程及借鉴意义研究"(批准文号:14JZD038)阶段性成果
