摘要
"村市"即乡村市场。在中世纪盛期,英国乡村市场出现了超常发展的现象,其原因是市场权利意识的萌生,即王室通过给地方人士(主要是小领主)颁发特许状,确认了"私人权利"。当时,英国村市的经济功能并不特殊,主要也是满足当地农村小土地所有者和小商品生产者的需要,一般还没有参与到由远程贸易和地区间交换所构成的商业贸易网络。小市场的骤增反映了中世纪英国社会的特殊性,即"私人权利"意识的产生。这种私权意识在古代中国社会是不可能合法存在的。从这个意义上讲,英国资本主义早在13世纪,而不是在15、16世纪,就已经埋下了伏笔。
＂Village market＂ was the market set up in the countryside. In the High Middle Ages, there was an ＂extraordinary＂ development in the rise of English village markets. As to the reason for its extraordinary development, I think that was the initiation of awareness of ＂market rights＂, namely the Royal family affirmed the ＂private＂ rights by pres- enting the ＂Charter＂ to the local people （mainly the small lord）. At that time, the economic function of the British vil- lage market was not special, largely to meet the local rural small landholders and small commodity producers, and gen- erally not involved in network of the commercial trade composed by the long-range and inter-regional exchange. Surge in small markets reflected the special nature of British society of the Middle Ages, namely the generating of the ＂con- sciousness of private power ＂. This ＂private rights＂ consciousness was impossible of the ＂legal＂ existence in ancient Chinese society. In this sense, the English capitalism as early as the 13th century, rather than 15 and 16 century had been foreshadowed.
出处
《史学月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第9期68-77,共10页
Journal of Historical Science
基金
国家社科基金资助项目(10BSS007)
关键词
中世纪盛期
英国
乡村市场
特许状
商业化
the High Middle Ages
England
village markets
Charter
commercialization
