摘要
统治者以赢得民众的政治认同为目的,而民众政治认同的赢得以隆礼爱民为前提。礼在凝聚社会民众、维系君臣团结等方面确实发挥了相当重要的效用,但它又不是万能的,仍然存在固有的限度。法家所崇尚的法恰好可以弥补礼的不足。有鉴于此,荀子升格了法的政治地位,将其与礼视为君主治国的两种手段。而礼与法的有效落实分别以德教与刑罚为其保障机制。荀子既坚守了儒家以德教为本的价值精神,同时也从正面较为充分地肯定了刑罚的政治地位,但这与法家表现出相当大的理论差异:商鞅、韩非等人认为惟有使用重刑才能禁奸止暴,因此他们积极提倡重刑的政治主张,而荀子提出了刑罚与罪行相称的量刑原则,既反对法家的轻罪重刑,也不同意重罪轻刑。
The purpose of the governer is to win political identification from the people,and political identification takes the ritual and law and loving people as prerequisites. Ritual and law plays an important role in cohering mass in society and uniting the monarchs and their people. It,however,is not almighty due to its limitation. The law the legalist thinker advocates can make up for the deficiency of rituals. On this account Xun Zi upgraded the political status of law,regarding ritual and law as the two devices the monarchs employ to govern their countries. The mechanism to ensure the effect of ritual and law is moral edification and legal penalty. Xun Zi sticks to the values of moral edification on the one hand,and recognizes the political value of legal penalty on the other hand. Both Shang Yang and Han Fei believe that only severe penalty can prevent adultery and violence,so they advocate severe penalty.Xun Zi further proposes the principles of penalty measurement,i. e.,he opposes to over-penalty or under-penalty.
出处
《南昌工程学院学报》
CAS
2017年第5期69-73,103,共6页
Journal of Nanchang Institute of Technology
关键词
荀子
礼
法
德刑论
法家
Xun Zi
Ritual
Law
view on morality and penalty
legalist
