摘要
文化传统、社会习俗以及教育是规训晚清人身体的主要途径。融入权力的礼仪规范,将士人身体紧紧束缚在以权力为核心的礼仪之下。作为社会习俗,缠足在直接造成女性双足伤残的同时,还限制了妇女的身体活动和行动能力。将书本作为知识来源的教育传统,辅之以身体惩戒,限制了求学学子的身体舒展。在外来文化的催化作用下,晚清人对人有了新的认识,人的身体开始受到重视,以人的现代化为特点的教育现代化开始起步,人的身体得到初步解放。
Human's physical body is greatly valued in Chinese traditional culture and there accumulated abundant resources of body education. However,the physical body mainly became a display of people's spiritual virtue,due to the fact that human being was deemed as the existence of virtue in the context of Chinese traditional culture. Human body was highly disciplined with the popularity of etiquette culture,the penetration of power,as well as the tame of social customs and educational tradition. Thus,the body became the practice of etiquette,power,social customs and educational tradition,and fell victim to maintaining the social order.Dominated by etiquettes and manners,scholars and students firmly adhered to social customs and allow their physical bodies to be tightly bound by the rule of ritual. As a result,their bodies could not be fully utilized and were getting weaker and weaker. While the ritual was exercised as a moderate way to dominate human body,the act of shaving man's hair and wearing braid would be a violent manifestation. Besides,under the influence of power,the Han people's head was transformed into the Manchu people's head,and men were used to having their tails shaved,which was popular in the Qing Empire. In addition,foot-binding,as a social custom,was a principal way to discipline female's body,which caused severe distortion of their feet and directly affected female's body health as well as their action capacity. In particular,educational tradition emphasizing reading,memorizing,and punishment was monotonous and dull. Corporal punishment was widely used as a teaching method. The lack of P. E. class,the prohibition of playing games,and the poor sanitary conditions resulted in students' weak and vulnerable bodies,which was the root cause of the decline of Qing Dynasty.Stimulated by the foreign culture,the Chinese people in the late Qing Dynasty began to gain a new understanding of human being,and human being was redefined,that is,human being was not merely the existence of virtue,but freedom,equality,and
出处
《华东师范大学学报（教育科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第4期23-28,共6页
Journal of East China Normal University:Educational Sciences
关键词
人
身体
规训
解放
human being
physical body
spirit
discipline
liberation
