摘要
目的了解常州市金坛区苯系物对劳动者的职业损伤,为预防和控制提供依据。方法收集2014—2016年接触苯系物劳动者的职业健康检查资料以及作业场所苯系物检测资料,使用Access与SPSS进行数据汇总与分析。结果接触组中血红蛋白含量降低检出率女性为6.3%,男性为0.3%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);丙氨酸转氨酶升高检出率男性为22.0%,女性为7.6%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);白细胞计数降低女性检出率为4.0%,略高于男性的2.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);作业场所检测苯超标率为4.7%,甲苯超标率为14.3%,二甲苯超标率为6.3%。苯超标岗位劳动者白细胞计数降低检出率为35.3%,红细胞计数降低检出率为26.5%,血小板计数降低检出率为23.5%,中性粒细胞数降低检出率为11.8%,分别高于对照组的2.6%、1.1%、1.1%、1.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论金坛区苯系物职业危害程度较低,但苯系物检测超标企业的职业危害较为严重,因此应加强对超标企业的监督管理,促使其革新工艺,用低毒代替高毒的原辅料,改进作业场所防护措施,完善职业健康监护,从而降低苯系物的职业损伤。
[Objective] To understand occupational damage caused by benzene series to laborers in Jintan District of Changzhou City,provide evidence for prevention and control. [Methods]The data of occupational health examination results of workers exposed to benzene series and detection results of benzene series in workplace from 2014-2016 were collected,and were accumulated and analyzed by Access and SPSS. [Results]In exposure group,the detection rate of decreased hemoglobin in females and males was 6.3% and 0.3% respectively,and the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.01）. The detection rate of alanine aminotransferase elevation in males and females was 22.0% and 7.6% respectively,and the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.01）. The detection rate of decreased white blood count in females was 4.0%,which was slightly higher than that on males（2.5%）,and the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）. The exceeding standard rate of benzene,toluene and xylene in workplace was 4.7%,14.3% and 6.3%,respectively. The detection rate of decreased white blood count,decreased red blood count,decreased blood platelet count and decreased neutrophil count in workers of benzene exceeding standard positions was respectively 35.3%,26.5%,23.4% and 23.5%,which were all higher than those in the control group（2.6%,1.1%,1.1%and 1.5%）,and the differences were statistically significant（P〈0.01）.[Conclusion]The occupational hazard degree of benzene series in Jintan District is low,while the occupational hazard is serious in enterprises where benzene series concentrations exceed standard limits. Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the supervision and management in exceeding standard enterprises,promote them reform of the process,use low toxic raw materials instead of highly toxic materials,improve protection measures in workplace,and complete occupational health monitoring,to reduce occupational damage caused benzene series.
作者
汤文斌
王玉斐
李徐凤
TANG Wen-bin WANG Yu-fei LI Xu-feng(Health Monitoring Department, Jintan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou Jiangsu, 213200, China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2017年第20期2756-2759,共4页
Occupation and Health
关键词
苯系物
职业健康检查
职业病危害因素检测
Benzene series, Occupational health examination, Occupational hazard factor detection
