摘要
目的了解2012—2015年广西铁路系统作业场所中主要职业病危害因素及危害程度,提出针对性职业病危害防护措施。方法对铁路系统进行职业卫生现场调查,对2012—2015年广西铁路系统作业场所中职业病危害因素检测数据统计分析,研究铁路系统中职业病危害因素强度及存在的环节。结果电务段、机车车辆厂、车辆段和机务段等作业工人接触噪声8 h等效声级合格率均低于60%,超标的27个工种中,有15个工种(56%)8 h等效声级超过90 d B(A)。车辆段、机务段、工务段部分作业工人接触空气中粉尘浓度超标,超标工种有钳工、打砂工、吹扫工、烤砂工和电焊工。作业工人接触空气中化学有毒气体基本合格。结论 2012—2015年广西铁路系统中噪声危害最大,其次是粉尘危害。亟需采取降噪工程措施。引进新设备,加强自动化和密闭化,加强隔声减震措施。在电焊、打砂、吹扫等粉尘较大的工作岗位增加移动吸尘器,增加喷漆岗位通风量,并加强个人防护。
[Objective]To investigate the main occupational hazard factors and harm degree in workplace of Guangxi railway system from 2012-2015,put forward protective measures against occupational hazards. [Methods]The occupational health field investigation was performed in railway system. The detection data of occupational hazard factors in workplace of Guangxi railway system from 2012-2015 were statistically analyzed,to investigate the intensity and existing points of occupational hazard factors in railway system. [Results]The qualified rates of equivalent continuous sound level normalized to 8 hours among noise-exposed workers in electricity section,locomotive and coach wagon factory,depot and locomotive section were lower than 60%. Among 27 work types with unqualified results,15（56%）had the equivalent continuous sound level normalized to 8 hours higher than 90 dB（A）.The dust exposure concentration of some workers in depot,locomotive section and service section exceeded the limit,and the work types included fitter,sand breaker,sweeping worker,baked sand worker and welder. The exposure concentrations of chemical toxic gas in air were basically qualified. [Conclusion]The noise hazard is most serious in Guangxi railway system,followed by dust. It is urgent to take effective noise reduction engineering measures,introduce new equipment,strengthen automation and sealing measures,and improve sound insulation and shock absorption measures. It is necessary to provide the mobile cleaner at the posts with serious dust hazard, including electric welding, sand breaking and sweeping, increase ventilation of paint spraying post and strengthen personal protection.
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2017年第17期2315-2318,共4页
Occupation and Health
基金
广西壮族自治区卫生和计划生育委员会科研课题(Z2016225)
关键词
铁路系统
职业病危害因素
噪声
粉尘
Railway system
Occupational hazard factors
Noise
Dust
