摘要
新生企业产能不仅是改变区域工业产出水平的重要力量,而且成为地区产能过剩的导火线。本文基于1998—2009年326个地级市层面的平衡面板数据,通过折现方法从中国工业企业数据库中获得新生企业成立当年的产出数据,从关联效应和竞争效应两个方面考察既有产业基础对地区各产业新生企业产能的作用机制,并使用"市场中心度"和"地理中心度"为工具变量以解决行业市场潜能变量的内生性导致的估计偏误问题,进而通过专业化外部性指数和多样化外部性指数对作用机制进行识别与校验。结果表明:产业关联效应与市场竞争效应对地区新生企业产能的作用显著存在,并依赖产业特征而表现出吸引和排斥效应。既有产业在争夺下游消费市场方面会排斥新生企业产能,而在提供投入品角度则吸引新生企业产能,不同产业的相互吸引与排斥是造成各行业新生企业产能空间分布不均衡的重要原因。实证结果证明,既有产业空间分布的综合作用会给予某些地区的特定产业利润优势,这种市场力量催生的新生企业能够快速累积产能并形成产能过剩。在兼顾公平与效率前提下,本文识别了当前缺乏市场优势的过剩产能行业的地区分布,为更好地推进"去产能"工作提供政策启示。
Newborn enterprises＇ capacity is not only important to change the regional industrial production, but also a trigger for regional overcapacity. Based on balanced panel data of 326 prefecture-level cities from 1998 to 2009, this paper calculates the newborn enterprises＇ output data on the established year with discount method from the China Industrial Enterprise Database, to analyze the impact of existing industrial distribution on regional newborn enterprises＇ capacity from the perspective of industrial linkages and competition effect, and uses market centrality and geographic centrality as IV to solve the selection bias of endogenous problem from induswy market potential variable. The results show that, industrial linkages effect and market competition effect have a significant effect on newborn enterprises＇ capacity and it demonstrates attraction and exclusion effect in terms of industry characteristic. Existing industries would exclude new production capacity when striving for downstream consumer market, while embrace when providing inputs. Mutual attraction and exclusion between different industries is an important point to account for the spatial unbalance of newborn enterprises＇ capacity in various industries. The empirical results prove that the combined effect from the industrial spatial distribution will give the advantages of profits to some specific industry in certain areas, these newborn enterprises spured by market forces could quickly accumulate capacity and lead to overcapacity. This research presents sonic policy implications on de-production capacity after analyzing spatial distribution of current industries with overcapacity based on fairness and efficiency principle.
作者
杨勇
YANG Yong(Economic Development Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Chin)
出处
《中国工业经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第9期63-80,共18页
China Industrial Economics
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目"企业区位再选择与地区生产率提升政策"(批准号71373189)
关键词
新生企业产能
产业关联效应
市场竞争效应
行业市场潜能
newborn enterprises＇ capacity
industrial linkages effect
market competition effect
industrial market potential
