摘要
选择青藏铁路格拉段中小型桥梁和涵洞通道以及青藏公路藏羚通道桥,利用红外相机监测技术自2014年8月到2016年10月开展持续监测,重点分析适用于4种典型有蹄类动物(藏羚Pantholops hodgsonii、藏原羚Procapra picticaudata、藏野驴Equus kiang和野牦牛Bos mutus)穿越的通道设计参数,并提出配套设施设计等建议。结果显示:高度不低于5 m、开阔率不低于129的桥梁通道预计可以满足藏羚大规模迁徙的需要,但桥梁通道必须位于藏羚迁徙路线上;高度不低于3.5 m、长度不小于6 m、开阔率不低于4.2的桥涵通道可以满足非迁徙路段藏羚零散穿越的需要;藏原羚通道开阔率不低于4.2,长度不低于6 m,高度不低于4 m;藏野驴通道开阔率不低于4.2,长度不低于3 m,高度不低于2.5 m。研究还给出了野生动物通道配套设施设计的建议,包括警示标志、限速装置、声屏障、地形营造、植被恢复、人工水体和红外监测等;建议青藏高速公路设置上跨式动物通道和下穿式动物通道结合的组合式通道类型,最大程度降低高速公路对藏羚等野生动物的阻隔影响;未来在藏羚动物通道处,建议营造起伏地形以降低车辆视觉和噪声对藏羚穿越的干扰,设置水体和恢复原生植被以保持通道两侧栖息地的连通性,最大程度诱导藏羚利用动物通道;此外,严格限制野生动物通道周边的人为活动对于保障通道效率的发挥也很重要。
The middle and small bridges and culverts in Golmud-Lhasa Section of Qinghai-Tibet railway,and Tibetan antelope underpass of Qinghai-Tibet highway are selected as the study objects. The infra-red camera trapping technology is used to monitor the structures continuously from August,2014 to October,2016,the design parameters of wildlife passage suitable for 4 typical ungulates（ Tibetan antelope-Pantholops hodgsonii,Tibetan gazelle-Procapra picticaudata,Kiang-Equus kiang and Wild yak-Bos mutus） are selectively analysed,and the suggestion on design of auxiliary facilities is put forward. The result indicates that（ 1） for the migration of Tibetan antelope groups through underpasses,the open rate should be higher than 129,the height should be higher than 5 m,with the underpasses within the migration route of Tibetan antelope;（ 2） while for the scattered crossing of Tibetan antelope along non-migration route,theheight should be higher than 3. 5 m,the length should be longer than 6 m,and the open rate should be higher than 4. 2;（ 3） for Tibetan gazelle underpasses,the open rate should be higher than 4. 2,the length should be higher than 6 m,and the height should be higher than 4 m;（ 4） concerning Kiang underpasses,the open rate should be higher than 4. 2,the length should be higher than 3 m,and height should no less than 2. 5 m. Besides,some suggestions on auxiliary facilities of wildlife underpasses are provided,such as alert sign,limit speed device,noise barrier,landform design,vegetation restoration,artificial water pool and monitoring design. It is suggested to minimize the barrier effect of Qinghai-Tibet expressway on Tibetan antelope and other species,wildlife overpass and underpass both should be located along the expressway,landform should be designed to screen the visual vehicular disturbance and decrease the noise impact near the passages of Tibetan antelope in the future,water pools should be built and vegetation should be restored to maintain the connectivity of habitats at both sides of t
出处
《公路交通科技》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第9期146-152,共7页
Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAG05B06)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(20150605)
交通运输部科技示范工程(2016002)
交通运输部交通建设科技项目(2013 318 490 010)
关键词
环境工程
设计指标
红外相机
有蹄类动物
桥梁
涵洞
道路生态学
environmental engineering
design variables
infra-red camera trapping technology
ungulate
bridges
culverts
road ecology
