摘要
目的了解铜矿工人砷暴露情况,分析影响尿砷水平的因素,为采取防控措施、保护工人健康提供科学数据。方法随机选取某铜矿冶炼厂工人151人,将工人按照工种分为地上作业和地下开采2组,采用问卷调查的方式了解工人一般状况,并测量身高、体质量和血压,采用阱捕集-氢化物发生-原子吸收分光光度计测定尿中各种砷化物含量。结果地下开采工人吸烟率和饮酒量(84.3%、194.8g)明显高于地上作业工人(69.1%、104g),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。地上作业工人尿中无机砷(iAs)、二甲基砷酸(DMA)和总砷(TAs)水平[(7.1±3.6)、(65.4±34.1)、(79.8±40.6)μg/g Cr]明显高于地下开采工人[(4.8±3.5)、(46.6±37.5)、(57.3±45.0)μg/g Cr](P<0.01),而两组工人的砷甲基化代谢能力无明显差异(P>0.05)。近3日食用海产品的工人尿中DMA和TAs水平[(60.8±41.0)、(73.3±49.6)μg/g Cr]明显高于未食用海产品的工人[(49.1±31.7)、(61.3±38.7)μg/g Cr]。年龄大、工龄长和近3日食用海产品和饮酒的工人二甲基化能力增强,二甲基指数(SMI)明显增高[>50岁为(0.907±0.058),工龄>10a为(0.903±0.050),近3日食用海产品的为(0.912±0.051]。在控制了年龄、工龄、吸烟、饮酒、高血压、近3日食用海产品等因素后,工作种类和体质量指数(BMI)是影响工人尿砷超标的危险因素。结论铜矿开采和冶炼增加工人砷暴露,地上作业和高BMI是工人尿砷超标的危险因素。
Objective To evaluate the degree of arsenic exposure and the factors influencing urinary arsenicals concentrations.Methods 151 workers from a copper mining and smelting plant were recruited.Information about characteristics of each subject was obtained by questionnaire and inorganic arsenic（iAs）,monomethylarsonic acid（MMA）,dimethylarsinic acid（DMA）in urine were determined.Body weight,height and blood pressure were measured.Results Of these workers,83 were copper ore miners and worked underground,and 68 worked in the earth＇s surface.Prevalences of smoking and drinking alcohol were higher in the workers worked underground than other workers（P〈0.05）.However,the levels of iAs、DMA and TAs in urine of workers worked underground were lower than that of other workers（P〈0.01）.There was no difference for inorganic arsenic methylations metabolism between the two group workers.Workers of intake seafood in recent 3days had more urinary DMA and TAs compared to no seafood consumption group.The odds of subjects with urine As exceeded 50μg/g Cr were also positively and significantly associated with different working departments as well as BMI adjusted for age,employed years,blood pressure,sources of drinking water,smoking,alcohol and seafood consumption in recent 3days.Conclusions Workers in copper production plant increase the opportunities exposed to As,especially for smelters and workers of electrolytic process,which suggests the need for improvement of workplace ventilation.
作者
关志博
刘盛男
孙清山
宋英利
席淑华
GUAN Zhi-bo LIU Sheng-nan SUN Qing-shan XI Shu-hua(School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122 China)
出处
《工业卫生与职业病》
CAS
2017年第4期244-247,共4页
Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(81673207)
关键词
铜矿
职业暴露
尿砷
影响因素
工种
Copper production
Occupational exposure
Urinary arsenic
Influencing factors
Working kinds
