摘要
陈邦怀等学者认为这条卜辞是贞问贵族子弟上学是否会遇上大雨,教育史学者引用其说,作为商代存在学校教育的证据。然而,详细的考证表明,这是一条关于祭祀的王卜辞。多子不是指贵族子弟,而是官名。■应释为徙,是一种祭祀名称;■即甲骨文的医字,也是祭名;学本义指重屋式的建筑物,卜辞中学指在这种建筑物中举行的祭祀活动。学祭是后世释菜礼的嚆矢。商王为多子所举行的徙学■这三种祭祀,具有相似的功能,都是为了驱邪治病。三种祭祀,或者需要杀牲,或者伴有大型舞乐,都必须于室外举行,所以需要事先卜问,是否会遇上大雨。
CHEN Banghuai and other scholars held that the oracle inscription DUO ZI QI XI XUE ZHOU BU GOU DA YU aims to foretell whether aristocratic youngsters would meet a heavy rain on their way to school. Later education historians even quoted this academic opinion as a piece of evidence for the presence of schooling in the Shang Dynasty. Now taking a closer look at it,however,makes me think otherwise. I want to argue that this inscription is a sacrificial one. DUO ZI does not refer to any noble youngster,but points to an official title. And the archaic character should be pronounced the same as XI,which truly is the name of a sacrifice. Likewise,ZHOU,a medical word in Oracle Inscription,refers to another sacrifice; XUE（ archaic form of）,though originally representing a house or hall with double eaves,here means the sacrificial activity in such a building. Shicai Ritual,in fact students＇ worship of Confucius immediately prior to the start of studying,owes its provenance to the sacrifice named XUE. Shang＇s king held these three sacrifices to dispel evil and cure illnesses for the official mentioned above. Each sacrifice,entailing animal offerings or large-scale dance and music,must take place in the open air. So,a divination should be conducted in advance to make it clear whether there will be a heavy rain or not.
出处
《江西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第4期101-110,共10页
Journal of Jiangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社科基金项目"基于甲骨文史料的商代教育史研究"(编号:BOA140018)
关键词
多子
徙
学
■
冓大雨
duo zi
xi
xue
zhou
gou da yu
