摘要
为优化滴灌棉花的施肥技术,探究液态有机肥对滴灌棉花生长发育的影响,笔者采取单因子随机区组试验设计,研究在滴灌棉花不同生育时期施用液态有机肥对棉花光和特性、干物质积累及产量的影响。结果表明:(1)施用液态有机肥能够促进植株生长发育,增大光合速率增加棉花产量,且随着液态有机肥施用量的增大,各处理叶面积指数、SPAD值均呈现先增后减的趋势,均于铃期达最大值,其中苗期与蕾期施液态肥的C处理最大值分别为3.25和62.63;(2)叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)均以C处理最高,并于8月5日花铃期达到极值,而胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)表现为C处理最低,为188.67μmol/mol;(3)整个生育期内单株干物质积累量、伏前桃、伏桃、单株铃数及品质均以C处理最好,与其他处理达显著差异水平(P<0.05),且增产幅度为27.01%~42.97%。研究表明,液态有机肥适宜的施用时期不仅可提高叶面积指数、叶绿素含量及光合速率,同时为后期干物质积累及产量的形成奠定基础。
To optimize fertilization technology of cotton under drip irrigation and study the effects of liquid organic fertilizer on growth and development of cotton, the authors adopted a single-factor randomized block test design, and studied the effects of liquid organic fertilizer application in different growth periods on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and yield of cotton. The results showed that （1） liquid organic fertilizer application could promote plant growth and development, increase photosynthetic rate and yield; with the increase of application rate of liquid organic fertilizer, LAI and SPAD value of all treatments increased and then decreased, and reached the maximum at boll stage, the maximum value in seedling stage and bud stage were 3.25 and 62.63 of liquid fertilizer C; （2） net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, transpiration rate （Tr）, stomatal conductance （Gs） reaehed the highest under treatment C, while the intercellular COs eoneentration （Ci） was the lowest （188.67 p.mol/mol） under treatment C; （3） the dry matter accumulation during the whole growth period, bolls in pre-midsummer, bolls in midsummer, bolls of per plant and quality all reached the best under treatment C and reached significant difference level （P〈O.05） compared with other treatments, the yield of treatment C was significantly higher than that of others by 27.01%-42.97%. Suitable liquid organic fertilizer application time improved LAI, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency, and laid a good foundation for the dry matter accumulation and yield formation.
作者
徐海东
董合林
苏丽丽
徐文修
唐江华
陈传信
张永杰
胡丽娟
Xu Haidong Dong Helin Su Lili Xu Wenxiu Tang Jianghua Chen Chuanxin Zhang Yongjie Hu Lijuan(College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052 Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/The State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang Henan 455000)
出处
《中国农学通报》
2017年第20期71-77,共7页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区科技支疆项目"棉花高产液态肥技术的引进与成果应用"(2016E02019)
关键词
液态有机肥
滴灌棉花
光合特性
产量
品质
施肥时期
liquid organic fertilizer
drip irrigation cotton
photosynthetic characteristics
yield
quality
fertilization time
