摘要
为明确不同土层氮肥配施方式对夏玉米生长发育及氮素利用的影响,利用改进的玉米深松分层可调施肥精播机,通过设置不同肥料类型、不同土层施肥深度和比例,研究深松分层施肥技术对铁茬播种模式下夏玉米植株叶面积指数、干物质积累、产量和氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明:在相同施氮量的条件下,使用免耕深松分层施肥技术的玉米叶面积指数、干物质积累量、产量及氮肥利用效率均显著高于传统"一炮轰"施肥技术;产量和氮肥偏生产力均增加了5.5%~7.9%。不同免耕深松分层施肥方式中,大喇叭口期追施尿素的施肥方式均较一次性施用控释肥方式获得了较高的产量、干物质积累量和氮肥偏生产力,但差异未达显著水平;其中,以免耕深松分别在8 cm和12 cm深度,按照3:7比例施入复合肥作为基肥,配合大喇叭口期追施尿素的施肥方式获得最高产量和氮肥偏生产力,产量均较传统施肥方式增加了7.9%。因此,免耕深松分层施肥技术在夏玉米免耕铁茬播种区可以达到节本增效的目的,对提高玉米产量和氮肥利用具有重要意义。
The study aims to understand the effect of nitrogen fertilizer combined application in different soil layers on growth development and nitrogen use of summer maize, and improve precision seeder with subsoiling and layered fertilization. The effect of subsoiling and layered fertilization technology on leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of summer maize were studied under different fertilizer types, fertilizer depths and ratios. The results showed that under the same nitrogen application amount, the leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of summer maize with subsoiling and layered fertilization technology were higher than that of traditional fertilization technology; yield and nitrogen partial productivity increased by 5.5%-7.9%. In all the subsoiling and layered fertilization methods, topdressing urea at bell stage could obtain higher yield, dry matter accumulation and nitrogen partial productivity than that of controlled-release fertilizer used as base. The treatment of subsoiling and fertilizer application at layers of 8 cm and 12 cm, with fertilizer ratio of 3：7, and topdressing urea at bell stage obtained the highest yield and nitrogen partial productivity, the yield increased by 7.9%. Therefore, in summer maize areas, subsoiling and layered fertilization technology could save cost and increase efficiency, and had significant meaning to yield increase and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency.
作者
张美微
乔江方
谷利敏
朱卫红
黄璐
代书桃
王俊哲
刘京宝
Zhang Meiwei Qiao Jiangfang Gu Limin Zhu Weihong Huang Lu Dai Shutao Wang Junzhe Liu Jingbao(The Cereal Crops Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 45000)
出处
《中国农学通报》
2017年第20期66-70,共5页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
河南省科技厅重点科技攻关计划项目"夏玉米免耕深旋松分层施肥精播简化栽培技术研究"(152102110132)
2016年河南省农科院自主创新项目"夏玉米高密抗倒机理及氮肥调控技术研究"
"十二五"科技支撑计划重大项目"粮食主产区作物丰产节水节肥技术集成与示范"(2013BAD07B07)
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项"黄淮流域小麦玉米水稻田间用节水节肥节药综合技术方案"(201503130)
国家自然科学基金项目"基于ETc节水补灌和控释掺混肥对夏玉米水氮高效利用的机理研究"(31601259)
关键词
夏玉米
免耕深松分层施肥技术
产量
氮肥偏生产力
summer maize
subsioling and layered fertilization technology
yield
nitrogen partial productivity
