摘要
玉米播种质量的高低是确保玉米全苗壮苗的基础,播种的深度是衡量播种质量好坏的关键指标,探究玉米适宜播种深度,避免缺苗断垄,为确保一播全苗、壮苗提供借鉴.通过桶栽试验条件下设置3、5、7、9、11 cm 5个不同播种深度,以播种深度3 cm作为对照,研究了播种深浅差异对玉米种子发芽出苗、幼苗特性及根系特征的影响.结果表明:随着播种深度的增加,发芽率、发芽势、幼苗整齐度呈现降低趋势,幼苗苗长、茎粗、中胚轴长、胚芽鞘长、次生胚根总长呈现稳步升高趋势,壮苗指数、次生胚根条数呈现先增加后降低趋势,幼苗鲜质量增加比呈现先增加后降低最终又升高趋势,出苗时间逐渐延后.幼苗根冠比的变化与播种深度有一定的关系,随着播种深度的增加有降低趋势.从各指标综合考虑,适宜播种深度范围为5~7 cm,播种深度低于5 cm玉米种子发芽及幼苗生长易受表层土壤水分蒸发的影响,播种深度大于7 cm出苗时间明显延后、整齐度降低.
The maize sowing quality level was based on ensuring the whole seedling and strong seedling of maize,and the sowing depth was the key index to measure good or bad quality of sowing,so as to explore the suitable sowing depth of maize,avoid lacking seedling and seedlingless ridge,and provide reference for ensuring the whole seedling and strong seedling at one sowing.5 sowing depths(3,5,7,9 and 11 cm)and sowing depth 3 cm as control were designed under barrel planting experiments to study the effects of sowing depth difference on maize seed germination and seedling emergence,seedling characteristics and root system trait.The results showed that germination rate,germination potential and seedling uniformit decreased,seedling length,stem diameter,mesocotyle length,coleoptile length and total length of secondary radicle increased steadily,seedling healthy index and secondary radicle number firstly increased and then decreased,fresh mass gain ratio firstly increased,then decreased,and finally increased,seedling emergence time gradually lengthened as the sowing depth increased.The change of maize seedling root-shoot ratio was related to sowing depth,but tended to decrease with the increasing sowing depth.Considering all the indicators comprehensively,the range of suitable sowing depth was 5~7 cm,maize seed germination and seedling growth of sowing depth less than 5 cm were susceptible to surface soil water evaporation,the seedling emergence time was obviously delayed and seedling uniformit decreased at sowing depth more than 7 cm.
作者
许海涛
王勤俭
王友华
许波
王成业
XU Haitao;WANG Qinjian;WANG Youhua;XU Bo;WANG Chengye(Zhumadian Academy of Agricultral Science,Zhumadian Comprehensive Experimental Station,Henan Maize Industrial Technology System,Zhumadian 463000,China;Huaishu Township Agricultural Service Center of Suiping County,Suiping 463100,China)
出处
《河南科技学院学报（自然科学版）》
2020年第2期10-17,共8页
Journal of Henan Institute of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition)
基金
河南省重大科技专项(161100110500-0108)
河南现代玉米产业技术体系驻马店综合试验站建设项目(Z2019-02-04)。
关键词
玉米
发芽率
幼苗特性
幼苗整齐度
鲜质量增加比
壮苗指数
根系特征
maize(Zea mays L.)
germination rate
seedling characteristics
seedling uniformit
fresh mass gain ratio
seedling healthy index
root system trait
