摘要
目的了解深圳市某蓄电池生产企业铅污染状况及其对工人健康的影响,为制定防治策略提供依据。方法采用回顾性调查方法,对某蓄电池生产企业2011—2015年工作场所铅危害监测和铅作业工人在岗期间和岗前职业健康检查情况进行分析。结果该企业2011年铅危害监测合格率低(44.44%),2012年合格率显著提升(79.17%),2013—2015年合格率均为100%。2011—2015年在岗期间563人,职业健康检查发现血铅超标88例,超标率为15.63%,岗前检查1 042人,发现血铅超标33例,超标率为3.17%,两组人员血铅超标率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=81.455,P<0.01)。2011—2015年铅作业在岗工人血铅超标率呈下降趋势,各年度血铅水平分布差异有统计学意义(χ~2=15.632,P<0.01),2011年血铅超标率及血铅浓度达轻度中毒水平的比例均高于其他各年。结论人体血铅水平与作业环境铅浓度有关,设置合理的排毒通风设施,切实降低工作场所铅浓度,是控制铅污染、防治职业铅危害的关键措施。
[Objective]To understand the pollution status of lead and influence on workers＇ health in a battery manufacturing enterprises in Shenzhen, and provide basis for formulating the prevention and control strategies. [Methods] By retrospective survey method, the situation of lead hazard monitoring in workplace and occupational health examination of lead workers pre and during the job in a battery manufacturing enterprise from 2011-2015 was analyzed. [Results]The qualified rate of lead hazard monitoring in 2011 was low（44.44%）, but significantly improved in 2012（79.17%）,and the rates from 2013-2015 were 100%.Among 563 workers during the job from 2011-2015, 88 workers＇ blood lead exceeded the standard in occupational health examination, and the exceeded rate was 15.63%. Among 1 042 workers in pre-job examination, 33 workers＇ blood lead exceeded the standard, and the exceeded rate was 3.17%. The difference of exceeded rates of blood lead in two groups was statistically significant（χ~2=81.455,P 0.01）. The exceeded rates of blood lead among on-job lead workers showed a downward trend from2011-2015, and the distribution difference of blood lead level in five years was statistically significant（χ~2=15.632,P0.01）. The exceeded rate of blood lead and proportion of blood lead concentration reaching mild poisoning level in 2011 were higher than those in other years.[Conclusion]The blood lead level is correlated with the lead concentration in workplace. Setting reasonable ventilating facilities to reduce the lead concentration in workplace is the key measure to control the lead pollution and prevent and control the harm of occupational lead.
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2017年第11期1441-1443,1449,共4页
Occupation and Health
基金
深圳市科技计划项目(JCYJ20160429145043230)
关键词
蓄电池企业
铅危害
血铅
Battery enterprise
Lead hazard
Blood lead
