摘要
目的评价综合性职业健康干预措施对某铅酸蓄电池企业的干预效果。方法对深圳市某铅酸蓄电池企业及其重点岗位的174名铅作业劳务工采取综合性职业健康干预措施进行为期1年的干预,包括企业职业卫生管理及生产工艺流程、劳务工职业健康知识及防护技能、劳务工膳食调节干预,以最后进入本研究的138人为研究对象,比较干预前后效果。结果干预后劳务工职业卫生知识得分较干预前提高[(19.10±1.43)分vs(12.71±0.95)分,P<0.01],防护口罩、防护手套和工作服等个人防护用品的正确使用率均较干预前提高(62.32%vs 48.55%,59.42%vs 38.41%,61.59%vs 49.28%,P<0.05);劳务工不吸烟、饮水前洗手、下班后洗手、饮水前漱口和下班后更换工作服等职业健康相关生活方式形成率均较干预前提高(69.57%vs 47.83%,82.61%vs 35.51%,92.03%vs87.68%,61.59%vs 2.17%,60.14%vs 36.23%,P<0.05)。干预后劳务工工作场所空气中铅超标率较干预前下降(13.64%vs 54.55%,P<0.01)。干预后劳务工血铅水平较干预前下降(中位数:1.01μmol/L vs 1.49μmol/L,P<0.01)。结论对铅酸蓄电池企业劳务工进行综合性职业健康干预,可有效提高工人职业卫生知识水平,改善工人卫生行为习惯,对防治职业性慢性铅中毒的发生有重要意义。
Objective To evaluate the effect of comprehensive occupational health interventions on the contract workers of a lead-acid battery enterprise. Methods The occupational health intervention measures were implemented to a lead-acid battery enterprise for one year,involving 174 lead-exposed workers. The measures included occupational health manage-ment and production process of the enterprise,occupational health knowledge and protective skills,and the dietary adjust-ment for the workers. The intervention effects were analyzed by the methods of t-test andχ2 test. Results After the inter-ventional,the level of the occupational health-related knowledge of the workers was improved[ from（ 12. 71 ± 0. 95 ）to （19. 10 ± 1. 43）,P〈0. 01]. The rates of the occupational health protective behaviors of the workers were also improved significantly（ P〈0. 05 ）,such as protective masks（ from 48. 55% to 62. 32%）,protective gloves（ from 38. 41% to 59. 42%）,work clothes（ from 49. 28% to 61. 59%）. In addition,the rates of the good related lifestyles,such as no-smoking,hand-washing before drinking,hand-washing after work,gargling before drinking,taking off overalls,were higher than those before intervention（ P 〈0. 05 ）,from 47. 83% to 69. 57%,35. 51% to 82. 61%,87. 68% to 92. 03%, 2. 17% to 61. 59% and 36. 23% to 60. 14% respectively. The exceeding rate of lead fume and lead dust in workplaces was decreased from 54. 55% to 13. 64%（ P〈0. 01 ）. Lead level in the blood was decreased（ P〈0. 01 ）,median from 1. 49 μmol/L to 1. 01 μmol/L. Conclusion The comprehensive occupational health interventions can play an active role in the control and prevention of occupational lead poisoning.
出处
《中国职业医学》
CAS
北大核心
2014年第5期547-551,共5页
China Occupational Medicine
基金
广东省医学科学技术研究基金(A2010539)
关键词
劳务工
职业健康
干预
效果评价
铅
蓄电池
Contract worker
Occupational health
Intervention
Evaluation effect
Lead
Storage battery
