摘要
目的调查分析学龄前儿童气质、家庭环境、带养方式情况及相关因素。方法随机抽取2014年1月-2016年1月门诊学龄前儿童240例,通过儿童气质测查问卷及相关自拟问卷调查儿童气质、家庭环境及带养方式等情况,并通过非条件Logistic回归分析影响儿童气质相关因素。结果气质类型中,中间近易养型占43.75%,易养型占34.58%,其他三种类型占21.67%;不同性别、年龄儿童气质类型比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);男童活动水平、坚持性评分显著高于女童,节律性及反应阈评分显著低于女童(P<0.05);不同年龄儿童活动水平、节律性、反应阈、趋避性、反应强度评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);带养方式中,父母抚养占32.92%,隔代抚养占17.08%,联合抚养占50.00%;不同带养方式儿童适应性、节律性评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);非条件Logistic回归分析显示,带养方式、教育方式、父母文化程度等是影响儿童气质的相关因素。结论儿童气质类型与其年龄、性别无关,与儿童家庭环境及带养方式等密切相关。
Objective To investigate and analyze temperament,family environment,parenting style and related factors of preschool children. Methods A total of 240 preschool children were randomly selected from Outpatient Department of the hospital from January 2014 to January 2016,temperament questionnaire and related self-made questionnaires were used to survey temperament,family environment,and parenting style of preschool children. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the related influencing factors of temperament of preschool children. Results Among the types of temperament,the proportions of middle close-easy-nurture type,close-easy-nurture type,and the other three types accounted for 43. 75%,34. 58%,and 21. 67%,respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in temperament type among the preschool children of different genders and age groups（ all P〉0. 05）. The activity level and persistence of boys were statistically significantly higher than those of girls（ P〈0. 05）; the rhythm and response threshold score of boys were statistically significantly lower than those of girls（ P〈0. 05）. There were statistically significant differences in activity level,rhythm,response threshold score,phobotaxis score,and reaction intensity score among the preschool children in different age groups（ all P〈0. 05）. The proportions of preschool children raised by parents,grandparents,and parents combined with grandparents accounted for 32. 92%,17. 08%,and 50. 00%,respectively. There were statistically significant differences in adaptability and rhythm scores among the preschool children raised by different caregivers（ P〈0. 05）. Nonconditional logistic regression analysis showed that parenting style,educational style,and parental educational level were the related influencing factors of temperament of children. Conclusion Temperament type of children is not related to age and gender,but it is closely related to family environment and parenting style.
作者
薛晓辉
庞俊香
高淑云
XUE Xiao-Hui PANG Jun-Xiang GAO Shu-Yun.(Department of Child Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100040, China)
出处
《中国妇幼保健》
CAS
2017年第14期3299-3303,共5页
Maternal and Child Health Care of China
关键词
学龄前儿童
气质
家庭环境
带养方式
影响因素
Preschool child
Temperament
Family environment
Parenting style
Influencing factor
