摘要
[目的]研究播期播量对旱地小麦土壤水分存储、干物质积累及产量形成的影响,明确最适播期和播量。[方法]通过田间定期取样与室内实验测定分析,探索休闲期深松条件下,旱地小麦土壤蓄水量、干物质量、产量及其构成和水分利用效率对播期播量的响应。[结果]旱地小麦越冬—孕穗期0~300cm土壤蓄水量以早播少量(D1R1)、适期适量(D2R2)、晚播多量(D3R3)较高;干物质积累量生育前期随播期推迟而降低,随播量增加而提高,生育中后期以D1R1、D2R2、D3R3较高;穗数、穗粒数和产量及水分利用效率均以D1R1、D2R2、D3R3较高,增产分别为6%~10%、11%~20%和5%~10%。相关分析表明,生育前期土壤蓄水量与拔节—孕穗阶段干物质积累量密切相关,与穗数、穗粒数密切相关;生育中期土壤蓄水量与拔节—孕穗阶段和开花—成熟阶段干物质积累量密切相关,与千粒重密切相关。[结论]晋南地区旱地小麦适宜早播少量、适期适量、晚播多量播种,10月1日配90kg·hm-2可实现高产高效。
[Objective]In order to study the effects of sowing date and rate on soil water storage, dry weight accumula- tion, and yield formation in dryland wheat and find out the optimum sowing date and rate. [Methods]Through regularly collecting in the field, testing and analyzing in lab, the field test was carried out to find out the effects of sowing date and rate on soilwater storage, dry weight, yield and its components and water use efficiency of dryland wheat under sub-soiling condition in fallow period. [Results]The result showed that soil water storage at the depth of 0-300 cm of dryland wheat from wintering stage to booting stage were higher in D1R1, D2R2 and D3R3 ; The dry weight accumula- tion in pre-growth period decreased with the delay of sowing date and increased with the increase of sowing rate, and the highest dry weight was obtained under D2R2 in middle and late growth period; The spike number, grain number per number, yield and water use efficiency were higher in D1R1, D2R2 and D3R3 and yield were improved 6% - 10%, 11% - 20% and 5% - 10% respectively. The analysis of correlation showed that soil water storage in pre-growth period was closely correlated with the dry weight from jointing stage to booting stage and the spike number and grain num- ber per number; soil water storage in middle-growth period was closely correlated with the dry weight from jointing stage to booting stage and from anthesis to maturity, and was closely correlated with 1000-grain weight. [Conclusion] Early sowing date with the rate of 67.5 kg·hm^-2 , proper sowing date with the rate of 90 kg·hm^-2 and late sowing date with the rate of 112.5 kg·hm^-2 could be suitable for the dryland wheat at the south of Shanxi Province, especially Oct. 1 matching 90 kg·hm^-2 could improve yield and water use efficiency.
出处
《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
2017年第8期547-552,556,共7页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项经费(CARS-03-01-24)
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303104)
山西省科技攻关项目(20140311008-3)
山西省科技创新团队项目(201605D131041)
山西省回国留学人员重点科研资助项目(2015-重点4)
关键词
旱地小麦
播期播量
土壤水分
干物质量
产量
Dryland wheat, Sowing date and rate, Soil water storage, Dry weight, Yield
