摘要
目的对我市视力残疾人的现状和康复需求进行分析,探讨更有效的视力康复对策。方法以我市2015年11月~2016年11月期间确诊的视力残疾500例患者为研究对象,运用统计描述、对比分析和多因素分析等统计方法,得到我市视力残疾人的致残状况和康复现状与需求。结果我市共发现视力残疾500例,其中一级215例,二级41例、三级21例、四级223例;其中0~14岁的只有4例(0.8%),15~40岁64例(12.8%),41~65岁144例(28.8%),>65岁288例(57.6%);调查发现的256例盲人中,男103例(40.2%),女153例(59.8%)。患低视力的244例中,女153例(62.8%)。经统计学检验女性与男性视力残疾现患率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=38.276,P<0.01)。65岁以上人群在整个人群中只占288例(57.6%)。农村中盲患者135例,低视力132例,城市中盲患者121例,低视力112例,农村均略高于城市,但城乡差距无统计学意义(χ~2=2.297,P>0.05);导致低视力的主要原因是先天性发育异常(92例,占37.7%)、视网膜病变(58例,占23.8%)和白内障(30例,占12.3%)。与此相似,导致盲的主要原因是视网膜病变(74例,占28.9%)、先天性发育异常(70例,占28.7%)和白内障(53例,占20.7%);本研究中未接受过康复治疗的患者有288例,占57.6%,接受康复治疗的患者有212例,占42.4%,其中接受医疗服务与救助146例,占接受康复治疗患者的68.9%,其中视力残疾一级的患者中接受康复治疗的有46例,占31.7%,视力残疾二级的接受康复治疗的患者有21例,占14.4%,视力残疾三级的接受康复治疗的患者有16例,占11.0%,视力残疾四级中接受康复治疗的有63例,占43.2%;在500例视力残疾患者中具有机构康复需求者317例,占63.4%,有社区和家庭服务需求者160例,占32.0%,具有延伸服务需求者23例,占4.6%。结论我市视力残疾人缺乏对康复知识的了解;应普及视力残疾康复知识,促进眼科医生参与康复工作,加强社区康复服务。
Objective To analyze present status and rehabilitation need of visual disability in our city and to explore more effective countermeasures of vision rehabilitation. Methods 500 patients with visual disability who were diagnosed in our hospital from November lst,2015 to November 31st,2016 were selected as research objects. Statistical description,contrastive analysis,multivariate analysis and other statistical methods were used to get disability status,rehabilitation status and rehabilitation need of patients with visual disability in our city. Results In our city,there were 500 cases with visual disability.Among whom,there were 215 cases with first grade,41 cases with second grade,21 cases with third cases and 113 cases with fourth grade.Among whom,there were 4 cases with the age ranging from 0 to 14 years old （0.8%）,64 cases with the age ranging from 15 to 40 years old （12.8%）,144 cases with the age ranging from 41 to 65 years old （28.8%） and 288 cases with the age over 65 years old （57.6%）. Of 256 blind cases in the survey,there were 103 males （40.2%） and 153 females （59.8%）.Of 244 cases with low vision,there were 153 females （62.8%）.By statistical test,differences in prevalence rates of visual disability of females and males had statistical significance （X2=38.276,P 〈 0.01）.Among all cases,people with the age over 65 years old had 288 cases （57.6%）.In rural area,there were 135 blind cases and 132 cases with low vision.In urban area,there were 121 blind cases and 112 cases with low vision.The rural area was a little higher than the urban area but distance between two areas had no statistical significance （x2=2.297,P 〈 0.01）.Main causes for low vision were congenital and developmental abnormality （92 cases,37.7%）,retinopathy （58 cases,23.8%） and cataract （53 cases,20.7%）.In the research,there were 288 cases without receiving rehabilitation treatment accounting for 57.6% and 212 cases receiving rehabilitation treatment accounting for 42.4%.146 cases received
作者
邵锦华
SHAO Jinhua(Department of Ophthalmology,Dongguan Rehabilitation Hospital,Dongguan 523000,Chin)
出处
《中国医药科学》
2017年第10期135-138,共4页
China Medicine And Pharmacy
关键词
视力残疾
康复需求
低视力
视网膜病变
白内障
流行病学特点
Visual disability
Rehabilitation need
Low vision
Retinopathy
Cataract
Epidemiological characteristics
