摘要
【目的】研究不同水分含量下施氮量及施氮时期,对西藏地区春小麦农艺性状和产量的影响。【方法】通过盆栽试验,测定不同水分含量、施氮量及施氮时期下,春小麦株高、茎粗、地上部生物量、结实小穗数、不孕小穗数、穗粒数、穗粒重、千粒重和产量,并对这些产量构成要素进行相关分析。【结果】水氮互作下春小麦地上部生物量、茎粗、结实小穗数、穗粒数、穗粒重和千粒重,与产量呈极显著正相关关系,其对产量的贡献大小如下,穗粒重>地上部生物量>结实小穗数>穗粒数>千粒重>茎粗。【结论】水氮互作对春小麦农艺性状及产量的影响较为复杂。在生产实践中,需要结合当地土壤水分条件,根据不同的育种目标或栽培目的确定最佳的水肥耦合方案。考虑到目前过量施肥导致的生态环境压力,在以追求春小麦高产为目标的前提下,应尽量做到减少氮肥施用量。结合本研究内容,推荐在土壤相对含水量55%~60%时,在春小麦拔节期或抽穗期追施氮肥,总施氮量不宜超过0.6g/pot。
[ Objective ] This research was conducted to study the effect of N application rate and period under different relative soil water con- tent on agronomic characters and yield of spring wheat in Tibet. [ Method ] The pot experiment was conducted to determinate yield and agro- nomic characters of spring wheat, such as height, stem diameter, aboveground biomass, filled spikelet No. , abortive spikelet No. , grain No. per spikelet, grain weight per spikelet, 1000-grain weight, under different relative soil water content , N application rate and period, and gave correlation analysis from above yield components. [ Result ] Agronomic characters such as aboveground biomass, stem diameter, filled spikelet No. , grain No. per spikelet, grain weight per spikelet and 1000-grain weight had a very significantly positive correlation with yield under different water and nitrogen cooperation. Their contribution to yield ordered as follows ： grain weight per spikelet 〉 aboveground biomass 〉 filled spikelet No. 〉 grain No. per spikelet 〉 lO00-grain weight 〉 stem diameter. [ Conclusion] The effect of different water and nitrogen cooperation were complex on agronomic characters and yield of spring wheat. So in field practice, we need to according to the local soil moisture conditions to make optimal scenario based on breeding objective or cultivation aim. Because of excessive fertilization in- curred serious pressure on ecological environment, more efforts need to pay to reduce nitrogen application whilst pursued high yield. Based on this research, N application rate should not be more than 0.6 g/pot under relative soil water content at 55 % - 60 %, and nitrogen fertil- izer applied at jointing stage or heading stage was recommended.
作者
戴相林
马瑞萍
廖文华
高小丽
王姗姗
文华英
DAI Xiang-lin MA Rui-ping LIAO Wen-hua GAO Xiao-li WANG Shan-shan WEN Hua-ying(Institute of Agriculture Research, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Tibet Lhasa 850000, China Tibet Research Station of Crop Gone Resource ＆ Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Tibet Lhasa 850000, China Institute of Resources and Environment, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Tibet Lhasa 850000, China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第6期1382-1389,共8页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
西藏自治区科技厅青年基金项目资助(13-41)
关键词
土壤相对含水量
施氮量
施氮时期
农艺性状
产量
Soil water content
Nitrogen application rate
N application stage
Agronomic character
Yield
