摘要
底层抗争的既有研究强调行动者的主观能动性,对行动与结构关系关注较少,文章从阶层关系结构角度分析底层抗争。在东部经济发达村庄阶层分化背景下,富人阶层成为村庄治理的单一主体,且依照私人化逻辑开展治理,形成"单向度"治理格局,底层成为村庄治理中被动的他者,在村庄利益分配结构中处于边缘地位。富人阶层主导的治理秩序产生的结果即为利益分配的失衡,底层作为利益分配格局中的不利一方,通过抗争行动调适利益分配秩序成为其合理选择。底层抗争实践包括正式行动与弱者的武器两种类型,然而底层抗争面临着被瓦解的困境,归根结底在于"压制型"阶层结构,即富人依托权力关系与文化象征双重网络将底层笼罩于其中,底层难以冲破这一结构之网。底层抗争的受阻以及底层在村庄社会生活的被区隔推动了阶层之气的积聚与升华,阶层间对抗行为几率增加。底层抗争从根本上得以缓解的路径在于重构村庄治理格局与阶层关系结构,重构上述结构主要依托外部国家力量,以最终实现村庄社会的和谐有序与良性运行。
The previous studies on underclass struggle lay particular stress on emphasizing actors' subjective initiative,at the cost of attention to the relationship between action and structure. This paper aims to analyze the underclass struggle from the angle of stratum relation structure. In the background of stratum differentiation in some eastern developed villages,the rich become the only subject who govern villages according to their personal logic. So the underclass become passives in this process and they are weak in the benefits distribution structure. This paper calls this kind of village governance order as one dimensional governance. The governance order which is dominated by the rich must cause the unbalance of benefits distribution. In addition,the underclass,as the adverse side in the structure of benefits distribution,have to choose to adjust the benefits distribution order through struggle. Underclass struggle includes the formal action and the ‘weapons' of the weak. However,underclass struggle is faced with being dissolved. The essential reason is the repressive stratum structure,that is,the rich use power relations and cultural symbols to build this structure and the underclass can't break through it. Stratum struggle is mainly caused the underclass' suffering from many obstacles from the rich and being often socially ghettoized in the villages,nursing the dissatisfaction and complaint feeling on the part of the underclass and intensifying the risk of struggle between the rich and the underclass. The basic way of alleviating the tension is to reconstruct the structure of village governance and stratum relation. The reconstruction must rely on the external power from the state government in order to realize the good operation of the village ultimately.
出处
《南京农业大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第4期48-56,共9页
Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)
基金
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"完善基层社会治理机制研究"(14JZD030)
