摘要
基于2010年Google Earth数据、2015年资源三号卫星高分辨率遥感影像,借助ENVI和Arc GIS,在村落—庭院尺度,刻画了西藏当雄县当曲流域聚落演变,分析了聚落演变的影响因子及影响机制,探讨了牧区聚落优化的路径。研究发现:(1)2010—2015年当曲流域聚落已经由传统的游牧迁徙演进到定居放牧阶段,聚落规模显著增大,分布海拔有所降低、选址改善,亚村落—庭院尺度的聚落斑块呈集聚型,聚落定居化、集中化趋势明显。(2)水源、草场、交通是牧区聚落集聚的引力因子,高海拔、地质灾害、生态保护是聚落集聚的斥力因子。聚落体系在吸引力和排斥力的矛盾中不断演化发展。分布于低海拔、地势平坦、水草丰美、交通便捷的地区的聚落得以快速发展;分布于高海拔、山区、水草资源欠佳、生态敏感、交通不便地区的聚落趋于萎缩。(3)生态化、产业化、城镇化、定居化深刻影响着牧区聚落分布格局与发展演变。可选取经济生态化、特色产业化、新型城镇化、适度定居化等路径,优化区域规划、完善公用基础设施、高效配置水草资源和整合制度政策,促进草原牧区聚落可持续发展。
Based on the data in Google earth in 2010 and ZY-3 high resolution remote sensing images in 2015,this paper depicts the evolution of pastoral settlements in the Dangqu watershed in Damxun county of Tibet autonomous region in village-courtyard scale with ENVI and ArcGIS .The main conclusion lies in： 1） pastoral area in Dangqu watershed have changed from the traditional nomadic to settled grazing during the period from 2010 to 2015. The scale of the settlements was significantly increased, the elevation of settlements declined. The spatial distribution of settlements in villagecourtyard scale presented agglomerate for the nearest neighbor index was about 0.25 during the period. The suitability for human habitant was improved. 2） Water, grassland, transportation are the attraction factors of the pastoral settlements agglomeration, high altitude, geological disasters, ecological protection are repulsion factors of pastoral settlements agglomeration. Settlement system evolves in the contradiction of attraction and repulsion. Settlements distributed in low altitude plain and river terrace with convenient traffic was developed rapidly; settlements distributed in high altitude area, with poor water and grass resources, inconvenient traffic, and ecological sensitive area disappeared gradually. Urbanization, sedentarization, industrialization and ecological protection have a profound influence on the distribution pattern and development of pastoral settlements. Feasible development roadmap includes the new type of urbanization, industrialization characterized by locality, moderate sedentarization, and ecological-friendly industries. Regional planning, public facilities construction, water and grass efficient allocation and policy integration should be applied to promote the sustainable development of pastoral settlements.
出处
《经济地理》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第6期215-223,共9页
Economic Geography
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(41571496)
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)课题(XDB03030500)
西藏重大科技专项项目(Z2016C01G01/04)
国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0503403)
关键词
牧区聚落
聚落生态
影响因子
影响机制
草场
新型城镇化
高分遥感影像
pastoral settlement
settlement ecology
influence factor
influence mechanism
pasture
new type of urbanization
high-resolution remote sensing image
