摘要
20世纪90年代初,湖北长江天鹅洲故道水质良好,鱼类资源丰富,被认为是建立长江豚类半自然保护区和四大家鱼种质资源生态库的理想场所,而对之开展了水生态研究,之后由于成功实现了长江江豚的迁地保护而受到越来越多的关注。学者们从水质和沉积物等环境因素,浮游植物、浮游动物、底栖动物和高等水生植物等生物因素,水体初级生产力、渔产潜力和鱼类等资源因素多角度开展了天鹅洲故道水生态研究。天鹅洲故道水质呈恶化趋势。浮游植物数量增加了2个数量级,且从单细胞个体转变为多细胞群体,同时带有胶被的蓝藻在种类和密度上占有绝对优势;浮游动物优势种呈小型化趋势;底栖动物密度有所下降;高等水生植物呈逐渐衰退趋势。鱼类资源量呈下降趋势。根据水质化学和生物学评价结果,结合天鹅洲故道受人类活动的影响,本文指出故道与长江阻隔、渔业活动和环境污染是天鹅洲故道水生态面临的主要问题,其通过水质、饵料和栖息地等方面影响长江江豚的可持续性生存。同时,提出5个方面的建议:首先,实施通江工程,恢复故道水文特征,提高故道理化环境异质性;其次,控制外源和内源营养负荷,提高故道水体水质;然后,持续监测水质、沉积物和水生生物状况,建立故道水生态数据库;再次,实施生态修复工程,提高水生生物多样性;最后,规范渔业活动,优化故道渔业资源,为保护天鹅洲故道水环境质量和水生态健康,维持江豚可持续生存提供依据。
Intheearly1990s,theTian’eZhouOxbowinYangtzeRiverinHubeiProvincehadgoodwaterqualityandrichfishresources,whichwasconsideredtobeanideallocationfortheestablishmentofsemi-naturalreserveforYangtzefinlessporpoise（Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis）andgermplasmecologicalreservoirforfourmajorChinesecarps.Consequently,waterecologyresearchesonTian’eZhouOxbowfromtheenvironmentalfactorofwaterqualityandsediments,thebiologicalfactorofphytoplankton,zooplankton,zoobenthosandaquaticmacrophytes,aswellastheresourcefactorofprimaryproductivity,fishpotentialproductionandfishresourcehavemadegreatpro-gresswiththesuccessfulimplementationoftheex-situconservationforYangtzefinlessporpoise.ThewaterqualityinTian’eZhouOxbowshowedatrendofdeterioration.Thenumberofphytoplanktonincreasedbytwoordersofmag-nitude,andtheformofphytoplanktonchangedfromsingle-celledindividualstomulticellularcolony,andcyanobac-teriawithgelatinousenvelopedisplayedanabsolutepredominanceinspeciesanddensities.Thedominantspeciesofzooplanktonshowedatrendofminiaturization.Thedensityofzoobenthosdecreaseddramatically.Aquaticmacro-phytesdisplayedatrendofgradualrecession.Fishresourcesshowedadownwardtrend.ThechemicalevaluationandbiologicalassessmentofwaterqualityandhumanactivitiesonTian’eZhouOxbowindicatedthatdisconnectionbetweenOxbowlakeandYangtzeRiver,fisheryactivityandenvironmentalpollutionwerethemainfactorsimpactingwaterecologyofTian’eZhouOxbow,whichaffectedthesustainabilityofYangtzefinlessporpoisethroughwaterqua-lity,baitresourcesandhabitat.Fivesuggestionswereproposedtoprotectwaterenvironmentqualityandwaterecologi-calhealth,andthenmaintainthesustainablesurvivalofYangtzefinlessporpoise.First,theconnectingengineeringbetweenTian’eZhouOxbowandYangtzeRivershouldbeimplementedtorestorethewaterecologicalcharacteristicsandimprovetheheterogeneityofphysicochemicalenvironment.Second,nutrientloadingfrominternalandexternalsourceshouldbecontrolledtoimprovethewaterqualityofTian’eZhouOxbow.Third,theconditionofwaterquality,sedimentsandaquaticorganismsshouldbemonitoredcon
作者
武俊梅
周巧红
徐栋
龚成
吴振斌
贺锋
WUJun-Mei ZHOU Qiao-Hong XU Dong GONG Cheng WU Zhen-Bin HE Feng(State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China Baiji National Natural Reserve of the Tian’e Zhou Oxbow in Yangtze River, Shishou 434400, China)
出处
《水生生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第4期935-946,共12页
Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica
基金
长江航道局委托项目"航道整治工程影响区域生态修复技术研究"
湖北省技术创新专项软科学研究类项目"湖北省人工湿地工程调研和管理信息系统设计与实现"资助~~
关键词
天鹅洲故道
水质
沉积物
水生生物
鱼类资源
Tian’e Zhou Oxbow
Water quality
Sediments
Aquatic organisms
Fishresources
