摘要
【目的】研究该地区引种樱桃的开花生物学和授粉坐果特性,为该地区樱桃栽培过程中品种选择和授粉树配置提供科学参考。【方法】以南疆地区引种的中亚大樱桃和甜樱桃为研究对象,通过人工调查和辅助授粉方法,调查和测定各品种开花物候、花粉活力、柱头可授性和自然、自花授粉以及不同组合间授粉的坐果结实特性。【结果】樱桃各品种花期物候较一致,中亚大樱桃比甜樱桃花期提早2~4 d;中亚大樱桃花粉在采集保存4 d后仍保持较高的生活力;供试各品种自花结实率低,除拉宾斯、红灯外,均属自花不结实类型;供试各品种自然结实率较高,除萨米脱外,坐果率均在20%以上,且中亚大樱桃自然授粉坐果率均在35%以上;授粉组合以中亚大樱桃‘YT07-2-1’和‘YT07-2-2’做父本时,各组合的坐果率较高,其中以中亚大樱桃3个品种做父本,拉宾斯做母本时,坐果率均在25%之上。【结论】‘YT07-2-1’、‘YT07-2-2’自然授粉坐果率较高,做父本时异花授粉坐果率也高;拉宾斯可作为通用授粉品种。南疆地区樱桃栽培时,从授粉坐果角度分析,可选取‘YT07-2-1’或‘YT07-2-2’和拉宾斯组合成主栽品种进行授粉搭配。
[ Objective] This project aims to study the biological characteristics of flowering and the fruit setting of pollination of the introduced cherry in Southern Xinjiang in the hope of providing a scientific reference for the selection of species and cultivation process in this area. [ Method] The Central Asian and domestic cherries introduced as the research object, through the investigation and artificial pollination method to investigate and determine the flowering phenology and fruit setting rate characteristics of self pollination and natural pollination and different combinations of pollination. [ Result ] The flowering phenology of cherry varieties was the same, and the cherry in Central Asia was 2 -4 days earlier than that of sweet cherry, and the pollen of Central Asia cherry still maintained high viability after 4 D of collection. Self pollination fruit setting rate of the tested varieties was low. Except Labins′and Red light′,they all belonged to self sterile types. The tested varieties of natural seed setting rate was higher, in addition to ＂ Samit＂, the fruit setting rate was higher than 20%, and the Central Asian natural cherry pollination and fruit setting rates were above 35%. Cherry pollination combination in Central Asia cherry YT07 - 2 - 1 ′and ′YT07 - 2 - 2 ′as male parent, the fruit setting rate was high. The Central Asian cherry 3 varieties as male parent, Rabins＇as female parent, the fruit setting rate were all more than 25%. [ Conclusion] The fruit setting rate of YT07 -2- 1′, YT07 -2 -2 hatural pollination and cross pollination were high, and Labins ′could be used as a common pollination type. Therefore, cherry cultiva- tion in Southern Xinjiang, from the analysis of pollination and fruit setting angle, it is suggested to select ＂ YT07 - 2 - 1 ＂or ＇YT07 - 2 - 2＂ and Rabins′ combination of cuhivars for pollination collocation.
出处
《新疆农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第4期639-644,共6页
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区"十二五"重大专项子课题"设施果树高效持续发展关键技术研究与示范"(201130104-2-4)~~
关键词
樱桃
物候期
授粉
坐果率
cherry
phenology
pollination
fruit setting rate
