摘要
新见秦代诏书铭文残器,应属附于量器上的诏版,其形制向所未见。经计算复原,原器应为环形,其周长约118厘米,可箍于直径约37.5厘米的量器器身。推测与之相对应者,应正是久所湮没的秦桶量。桶,即《史记》所载商鞅变法时"平斗桶、权衡、丈尺"中之"桶"量,亦即睡虎地秦简中之"甬",其容十斗,朱剑心谓,"甬之器,不传于今"。参考残箍数据以及桶量容值等,则可大致复原出秦桶量之形制。这也是近世首次复原出秦桶量,进而填补了秦制"桶-斗-升"序列中桶量形制的空白。复原秦桶量之形制、尺寸,又与汉斛大致相合,故可印证郑玄对于"桶"与"斛"同器异名的判断,也揭示了度量衡领域汉承秦制的一面。而"桶""斛"名称的变化,当属王莽复古改制的产物,在"石"这一单位业已混乱的背景下,实际指向了秦汉度量衡制度的合理调整。
A strap of damaged bronze curved item bearing a unique format of the Qin imperial edict on measurement is studied to be a part of a ring-shaped hoop tightly binding around a vessel called Tǒng(桶),one of the dry measure vessels of the Qin dynasty of ages ago.It is calculated that the Tǒng vessel is originally designed with a round mouth about 118cm in circumference and 37.5cm in diameter.As is included in Historical Records(ShǐJì),桶(Tǒng),a measure which equals 10 Dǒu(斗)vessels as the result of the Shang Yang’s reform in the system of weights and measures is printed甬(Tǒng)in Qin Bamboo slips found in Shuihudi locus,but the measure of Tǒng has long been abandoned.The first replica of the Tǒng vessel completes the sequence of the dry measures of Tǒng(桶),Dǒu(斗)and Shēng(升)of the Qin dynasty.It is also found that the measure of Qin Tǒng(桶)replica is in size and shape approximately equal to that of the Han Hú(斛),which further supports Zheng Xuan’s judgment that the Qin Tǒng(桶)and the Han Hú(斛)are actually of the same measure but different names,and that the Han dynasty follows the measurement system set by the Qin dynasty.The name change from Tǒng(桶)to Hú(斛)when the measure of Shí(石)is used with no unified standards improves the Qin-Han measurement system.
出处
《故宫博物院院刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第3期20-30,共11页
Palace Museum Journal
基金
国家社科基金重大项目"秦统一及其历史意义再研究"之部分
项目批准文号:14ZDB028
关键词
秦诏版
桶
斛
新莽嘉量
the bronze Qin imperial edict on measurement
Tǒng(a dry measure)
Hú(a dry measure)
Xīnmǎngjiāliàng(a new multifunctional standard measuring vessel used after Wang Mang's reform)
