摘要
东太平洋结核区位于东北太平洋,在深海海底含有丰富的多金属结核,而微生物在多金属结核的形成过程中发挥着重要的作用。本研究通过DY29航次获得了该区域多个实验样品,包括结核、结核覆盖的沉积物、无结核覆盖的沉积物和底层海水,并对这些样品进行了细菌的分离培养和活性检测。结果表明,东太平洋结核区拥有丰富的微生物资源,共分离保藏细菌1 200株,其中402株细菌完成16SrRNA基因测序,分属于4个门,65个属和135个种。4个门分别为变形菌门(Proteobacteria,占81.59%)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria,占8.21%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,占8.21%)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,占1.99%);优势属为盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、亚硫酸盐杆菌属(Sulfitobacter)等。两种沉积物样品中可培养放线菌门和厚壁菌门的细菌丰度较高,结核中分离得到的细菌包含较高比例的α-变形菌纲,4种样品类型中γ-变形菌纲的细菌均占最大比例。对结核样品分离得到的细菌进行酶学性质检测发现具有过氧化氢酶及酯酶(吐温20和吐温40)活性的菌株所占比例较高,并首次筛选出一些未报道的具有锰氧化能力的菌株。综合以上结果,东太平洋结核区不同样品的可培养细菌多样性较高,微生物资源丰富,而具有锰氧化能力菌株的分离鉴定对研究深海多金属结核的形成及深海矿产资源的开发都具有重要的意义。
The east Pacific nodule province, which is considered as one of the most commercially important nodule areas of the global ocean, is located in the northeast Pacific Ocean. There are plenty of poly- metallic nodules on the seabed. The mechanism of formation of manganese nodules is still unclear, but a growing amount of evidences show that nodules can not be formed without bacteria. To investigate the diversity of culturable bacteria in the east pacific nodule province, four kinds of samples were collected during the cruise ＂DA YANG 29＂, including nodule samples, sediment samples overlaying nodules on its surface, sedment samples without overlaying nodules on its surface and bottom seawater samples. A totol of 1 200 bacterial strains were isolated and conserved, and 402 strains were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, which were composed of 4 bacterial phyla, 65 genera and 135 species. The results turned out that the microbial resources in this place were abundant and showed a great diversity. The 4 phyla included Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, accounting for 81. 59%, 8. 21%, 8.21% and 1. 99% of the totol culturable bacterial community, respectively. Only bacterial strains belonged to a-Proteobacteria and 7-Proteobacteria were isolated in this study. In Genus level, Halomonas, Pseudomonas and Sulfitobacter were dominant, while the dominant species included Sul fitobacter pontiacus , Halomonas meridiana , Alteromonas macleodii , Paracoccus carotini f aciens etc. The proportion of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were higher from sediment samples than that of the other two kinds of samples, while the pencentage of a-proteobacteria was higher from nodule sam- pies. Isolates from γ-proteobacteria was abundant in all the four kinds of samples. In addition, the enzy- matic properties of isolates from the nodule sample were studied. The proportions of bacteria containing catalase or lipase （hydrolysis of Tween20 or Tween40） were high, in contrast, bacteria containing β-gal- ac
出处
《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第6期42-52,共11页
Periodical of Ocean University of China
基金
中国大洋协会项目(DY125-15-R-03)资助~~
关键词
东太平洋结核区
可培养细菌
酶学性质
锰氧化细菌
16SRRNA基因
the east Pacific nodule province
culturable bacteria
enzymatic properties
manganese oxi dizing bacteria
16S rRNA gene
