摘要
从目前的材料来看,中国铜镜自一开始便在实用功能之上,赋予了精神信仰的内涵。即是以圆形的镜体象征天界,其背面出现的图案也符合这一寓意。新石器时代晚期铜镜背面的纹饰可能还只是对天界最令人瞩目的太阳的表现,但殷商时期高等贵族墓葬中铜镜背面的图案已经能与古代的天文学说相应合。到了东周尤其是战国时期,圆形镜体中出现方形图式,从此全面地表达着古代天圆地方的观念,象天法地成为铜镜的基本寓意。汉晋铜镜图像中最突出的特征即是以圆乳形镜钮与镜乳相配。在当时人的观念中,除了大地各方有天柱外,天地中央还有一个中心天柱——昆仑。圆乳形镜钮与环绕其外的镜乳相配的基本格局,即象征着以昆仑为中心天柱而与各方天柱相配的宇宙基本模式。
Bronze mirror of China has been given the connotation of spiritual beliefs over its practical function from the outset based on a broad literature review, That is, the circular body of mirrors symbolizes heaven, which coincides with the meanings of its back patterns. The ornamentations at the back of bronze mirrors of the late Neolithic may only imply on the sun which Is the most impresmve performance under heaven, but in higher level of the Shang dynasty tombs, they have implied the appropriate meanings corresponded with ancient astronomy. The square pattern contained in the circular mirror appeared in the Eastern Zhou, especially the Warring States period which has fully expressed the concept of hemispherical？dome？cosmology, namely the Heaven and Earth. as the basic meaning of the bronze mirrors in the ancient times. The most prominent feature of bronze mirrors in the Han and Jin dynasty is the matching between circular-breast-shaped-mirror button and breast-shaped- mirror. People in that period has leamt that, excepting Tianzhu located on each side of the ground, there is one in the center of the world Kunlun. The basic pattern of the circular＋breast-shaped-mirror button surrounded by breast-shaped-mirror, which symbolizes the basic model of the universe - Kunlun as the centered Tianzhu matched with the ones located on the each side.
出处
《南方文物》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第1期188-202,共15页
Cultural Relics in Southern China
基金
2014年度国家社科基金青年项目"考古所见汉代天文材料的整理与研究"(批准号:14CKG016)的阶段性成果之一
关键词
先泰至汉晋时期:铜镜图像
宇宙模式
昆仑
天拄
From the Pre-Qin period to the Hart and Jin Dynasty
images of the bronze mirror
universe model
Kunlun Tianzhu
