摘要
运用文献资料调研法、历史分析法、逻辑分析法等,对美国竞技体育发展方式在二战前的自然演化、冷战期间的异化矫正以及苏联解体后的内生式发展三个历史阶段进行了回顾,并剖析了美国竞技体育发展方式历史演进的动因,认为美国大国崛起心态为推动竞技体育发展方式演进提供了文化内因,美国分权的政治制度和法制精神为其竞技体育发展方式演进提供了重要保障,美国市场需求和社会需求导向的竞技体育组织职能为其发展方式演进提供了不朽动力。最后则指出了对我国竞技体育发展方式转型的启示,认为应加快体育立法深度与广度,形成"依法治体"的职能履行机制,最终强化政府的宏观调控职能和提高市场的资源配置能力;构建责任明确、相互制衡、权利分化的政府与社会相结合的竞技体育组织结构体系和利益共同体,着重培育社会体育组织的自治能力与民主意识;以体育产业发展为契机,各类教育体系相配合,拓宽"教体融合"竞技体育人才培养模式的学业和就业渠道,培养高素质产业人才队伍。
This paper reviews the development of the US competitive sports in three stages： the natural evolution before World War II,the alienation correction during the Cold War and the endogenous development after the disintegration of the Soviet Union. It also analyzes the dynamics behind the historical evolution of the ways of development of American sports, ar- guing that the rise of the United States as a power provides the internal cultural cause ,that the political system and the legal spirit of the United States provide an important guarantee, and that the market-and society-oriented functions of competitive sports organizations are an enduring motivation. Finally, the paper points out the inspirations for the development of competi- tive sports in China：（ 1 ）accelerating the depth and breadth of sports legislation, forming the ＂rule by law＂ mechanism for functional fulfillment, and ultimately strengthening the government＇s macroeconomic regulation and control and improving the market＇s ability to allocate resources; （2）constructing a competitive sports organizational system and a community of inter- ests ,where the government and the community work together and check and balance each other, with their responsibilities clearly defined and power separated from interests, aiming to foster the autonomy and awareness of democracy among social sport organizations ; （3） seizing the opportunity of sports industry development, encouraging the cooperation among educational systems, expanding educational and employment channels of the Education-Sport Integration Model for cultivating competitive sports personnel, and producing high quality sports industrial talent.
出处
《南京体育学院学报（社会科学版）》
北大核心
2016年第6期98-106,共9页
Journal of Nanjing Institute of Physical Education
基金
国家哲学社会科学基金资助项目(体育类)(编号:12BTY006)
关键词
竞技体育
发展方式
历史演进
体育法制
组织职能
competitive sports
the development mode
historical evolution
sports legal system
organizational functions
