摘要
社会价值取向是相互依存情境下人们对自己和他人分配结果的一种稳定的社会偏好,它影响个体在社会困境中的亲社会行为.研究者常用三优势量表和滑块测验测量个体的社会价值取向,并将其分为亲社会型和亲自我型.以往研究发现,社会价值取向的表达具有自发性和稳定性,且亲社会型个体相比亲自我型个体,表现出更多的信任、合作和公平决策等亲社会行为.通过分析,总结了社会价值取向通过以下4个方面影响亲社会行为:内部动机的不同;对他人行为的预期;社会责任感的差异;两类个体在社会学习方面存在差异.未来研究可进一步考察社会价值取向与共情及与其他人格特质的交互作用对亲社会行为的影响以及相关的神经生化机制.
＂Economic Man Assumption＂ proposed that humans are rational, whose only goal is to pursue their maximum selfinterest. However, costly prosoial behaviors, such as helping, comforting, or donation, are commonly seen in daily life. Researchers put forward social value orientation（SVO） to explain why people exhibit such behaviors. SVO refers to a stable preference for outcomes for self versus others in interdependent situation, which further affects prosocial behaviors in social dilemmas. The commonly used measurements of SVO are the Triple-Dominance Scale and the Slider Measure. Based on these measures, SVO is classified into two categories： prosocial value orientation, and proself value orientation. The latter one is further subdivided to individualistic and competitive value orientations. People with prosocial orientation tend to maximize joint interest, people with individualistic orientation tend to maximize absolute outcome, while people with competitive orientation tend to maximize relative outcome. Previous studies have suggested that SVO can express automatically, and stably influence social behaviors. This article reviewed existing researches and mainly discusses its influence on trust behavior, cooperation and fair decisions in social contexts. A growing body of evidence suggests that prosocial individuals show more trust behaviors, cooperation, and fair decisions, which are further reflected on neural activities. Specifically, temporal-parietal junction（TPJ）, insula and anterior cingulate cortex（ACC） show stronger activation when prosocials choose to cheat compared to be honest/trustworthy in trust game, while for proselfs there are no significant differences. In social dilemma games, prosocials show more cooperative behavior, accompanied by increased activation in lateral orbitofrontal cortex（OFC）, anterior superior temporal sulcus（a STS） and inferior parietal lobule, which brain regions are relevant to norm compliance, routine moral judgment, and social awareness. While for pro
作者
戚艳艳
伍海燕
刘勋
QI YanYan WU HaiYan LIU Xun(Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第11期1136-1144,共9页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
国家自然科学基金(31400963)
国家社会科学基金(14ZDB161)
中国科学院心理研究所青年启动基金(Y2CX131003)资助
