快速城市化区域农村空心化测度与影响因素研究--以长株潭地区为例被引量：53

Assessment and influencing factors of rural hollowing in the rapid urbanization region: A case study of ChangshaZhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration

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摘要以长株潭地区23个县市区为研究区,从土地、人口、经济三方面构建农村空心化的测度框架及指标体系,综合运用熵值法、多指标综合评价法和多元回归分析等方法对农村空心化进行测度,揭示农村空心化的空间地域分异特征及形成机理。结果表明:(1)长株潭地区土地空心化呈现由中心城市向外围逐渐减小的特征;人口空心化呈现出中部核心区高,北部低的特征;经济空心化的高、低分布与人口空心化的低、高分布在空间上具有较大的相似性特征。(2)综合空心化空间分布呈现出不均衡发展的态势,以中、低等级为主,空间分布由中心城市向东西两侧的外围地域逐渐减缓的特征,与中心城市的距离远近对空心化等级的空间分布具有较显著影响。(3)农村空心化是区域多种因素综合作用的结果,农民收入提高及区域经济发展、农村人口数量及就业结构变化是农村空心化的主导与直接影响因素,土地利用方式及效率的变化在一定程度上抑制了农村空心化程度的加剧。 In recent years, rural hollowing has become a common phenomenon in China＇s rural social and economic development .The essence of rural hollowing is considered to be an important part of the evolution of rural regional systems in the urban-rural transition. China is currently in a critical period of urban-rural transition and reconstruction. Urban and rural population mobility, as well as the reorganization and interactions of socio-economic development factors, have accelerated. A direct result is rural overpopulation, idle homestead, and economic backward. In some areas, there has emerged an obvious ＂rural disease.＂ Therefore, understanding the regional differentiation of the rural hollowing during the new period, adapting to the new trends of rural population mobility and changes in villages during the process of new urbanization, and optimizing the rural population, industry, and use of land space are important strategic issues to be solved urgently, and are important problems in rural geography that need to be solved. By constructing the frame and index system, which measures the three aspects of land, population and economy of rural hollowing, 23 counties and districts of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan area were used as the research units. Using the entropy method, multi-index comprehensive evaluation and multiple regression analysis, the spatial variability of rural hollowing was investigated, and the key influencing factors and mechanisms of hollowing were also discussed. The results show that the hollowing of land in Changsha, Zhuahou and Xiangtan agglomeration is gradually reduced from the center of the city to the fringe. The hollowing of the population is characterized by a high area in the central part, whilst there is low area in the northern part. The high and low distributions of economic hollowing have very similar characteristics to the low and high distributions of population hollowing. The spatial distribution of the comprehensive hollowing is unbalanced, and dominated by middle and low l