摘要
在欧美发达国家就业技能结构由就业"升级"走向就业"极化"的发展背景下,本文针对中国劳动力就业极化的影响因素及其作用机制进行探讨。研究结果表明,技能偏向性技术进步、中间品进口的技术外溢和城镇化发展增加了对高技能劳动力的相对需求,对外贸易和离岸外包增加了对低技能劳动力的相对需求,外商直接投资(FDI)和产业结构升级则对劳动力技能需求具有"U"型的非线性影响。进一步分析发现,技术进步抑制了FDI和产业结构升级对低技能劳动力就业的带动作用,增强了其对高技能劳动力就业的促进作用;贸易开放弱化了技术进步对高技能劳动力就业的带动作用,抑制了产业结构升级对高技能劳动力的相对需求;城镇化与产业结构升级耦合发展对高技能劳动力产生更多需求。基于理论和实证研究,本文讨论了促进劳动力技能水平提升、推动就业与经济增长良性互动的政策含义。
Under the development of employment skill structure from upgrading to polarization in developed countries, the paper discusses the factors affecting employment polarization and mechanism in China. The results show that skill-biased technical change, technology spillover of intermediate goods imports and urbanization increase relative demand of high-skill labor; foreign trade and offshoring increase relative demand for low-skill labor; and FDI and the industrial structure upgrade have nonlinear effects of the ＂U＂ type for skill demand. Furthermore, technological progress inhibits the drive effect of FDI and the industrial structure upgrade on low-skill labor employment while enhances their role in promoting high-skill labor employment;trade openness weakens the role of technical progress on high-skill labor employment and restrains the relative demand of the industrial structure upgrade on high-skill labor; and the coupling development of urbanization and the industrial structure upgrade increases more demand for high-skill labor. Based on theoretical and empirical research, the paper also discusses the policy implications of enhancing the labor skill level and promoting positive interaction between employment and economic growth.
出处
《经济与管理研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第5期75-85,共11页
Research on Economics and Management
基金
国家社会科学基金项目"城乡一体化背景下现代农业劳动力资源配置研究"(14BJY030)
安徽省教育厅人文社会科学研究重点项目"极化背景下安徽省就业技能结构演变的影响因素与完善对策"(SK2016A0052)
关键词
就业极化
高技能
低技能
技能偏向性技术进步
贸易开放
employment polarization
high-skill labor
low-skill labor
skill-biased technological change
trade openness
