摘要
本文利用2004—2014年黑龙江、河南、陕西、宁夏和新疆5个肉牛主产区省份肉牛养殖投入产出的面板数据,采用超越对数函数形式的随机前沿模型,对肉牛养殖技术效率、各投入要素的贡献率以及造成技术效率损失的影响因素进行测算和剖析。研究结果表明:我国肉牛养殖存在较高的技术效率损失,但总体技术效率水平较高,为0.8863;目前技术效率的提高主要依赖于饲草料、基础设施和人工成本的投入,仍处于粗放式劳动密集型阶段;各地区技术效率存在差异,新疆地区技术效率水平最高,其次是黑龙江,宁夏地区技术效率低于全国平均水平;全国平均技术效率年均改善速度为-0.0101%,除新疆以外,均呈现小幅度的技术下滑趋势,相对而言,河南下滑幅度与速率高于其他三省,技术进步速度减缓导致单产提高乏力;规模化比重、良种化程度和科技普及推广对肉牛养殖技术效率呈现正向效应,而人力资本对肉牛养殖技术效率有显著的负向效应。基于以上研究,应加大肉牛养殖科技投入,加强品种选育、改良和技术推广体系建设,制定优势产区发展战略,培育新型职业养殖主体等建议。
The factors, which were technical effi ciency of beef cattle breeding, contribution rate of each input factor, the reason for the loss of technical effi ciency were analyzed by the stochastic frontier model in the form of transcendental logarithmic function and the data from the fi ve main producing areas of Heilongjiang, Henan, Shanxi, Ningxia and Xinjiang in 2004-2014. The results showed that there is a high technical effi ciency loss in beef cattle breeding, but the overall technical effi ciency was higher, which was 0.8863. The higher technical effi ciency, which is still in the extensive laborintensive stage, was mainly dependent on the forage, labor costs and infrastructure investment. The technical effi ciency of each region was different. The technical effi ciency level of Xinjiang was the highest, followed by Heilongjiang, Ningxia which technical efficiency is lower than the national average level. The improvement rate of national average annual technical effi ciency was-0.0101%, except Xinjiang, all showed a falling tendency. Relatively, the decline rate in Henan was higher than other three provinces. The yield was decreased because of the slow technological progress. The effi ciency of beef cattle breeding technology was positively related with scale weight, entire hectareage degree and the popularization of science and technology promotion and was negatively related with human capital. Based on the above research, measures should be put forward, strengthening the construction of variety breeding, improving the technology popularization system, developing the strategy of the advantageous region of producing, cultivating the breeding subject of new professional, consummating the transmission mechanism of market price.
出处
《中国畜牧杂志》
CAS
北大核心
2017年第4期136-143,共8页
Chinese Journal of Animal Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(71273110)
国家现代肉牛牦牛产业技术体系产业经济研究专项(农科教发[2011]3号)
关键词
肉牛养殖
技术效率
效率损失
随机前沿生产函数
Beef cattle breeding
Technical effi ciency
Effi ciency loss
Stochastic frontier production function
