摘要
中国土地承包经营权抵押立法存在诸多不足,譬如抵押自由受到发包方与集体成员的干扰、抵押客体界限模糊、抵押变动规则不明晰等,不利于农民有效融资。本文基于自由、平等、效率、秩序等多元价值目标的体系化考量,分析了土地承包经营权抵押在主体、客体、变动三方面的重点和难点问题。研究结果表明,在宏观的价值理念上,尤须转变法律父爱主义思维,确立农户成员的物权主体地位,废弃土地承包经营权抵押中的发包方同意权和本集体成员优先权。在微观的规则设计中,农户成员作为土地承包经营权的抵押人,不得附加稳定的非农职业和收入来源之限制;只有当土地承包经营权抵押是金融商事行为时,抵押权人才应为金融机构;不应对抵押土地的性质、取得方式及面积大小设限;抵押登记宜采取登记生效主义,抵押权可以通过折价方式实现,而抵押权拍卖、变卖的实现程序应为非诉裁判模式。
Legislative deficiencies regarding mortgages with land contract and management right are disadvantageous for effective financing for farmers. These deficiencies are illustrated as an unclear defirtition of mortgage products and mortgage credit terms, and the disturbance of mortgage freedom by conllactees and the collective members. Based on the multiple values of freedom, equality, efficiency and order, this article provides a systematic consideration of problems from the perspective of mortgage subject, object and right in rem alternation. Research results suggest that in the aspect of the macro value, on one hand, the idea of legal paternalism needs to be transformed in order to establish the dominant position of farmers in property rights. On the other hand, there is a need to abolish the consent right of contractees and priority of the collective members in the process of mortgage financing. In the aspect of designing micro-rules, the study disapproves of the fact that farmer members as mortgagors should meet certain requirements such as having a stable non-agricultural occupation and stable source of income. Only in case of commercial behavior can financial institutions be the mortgagees. Meanwhile, it also denies establishing mortgage limitation upon the nature, acquisition means and the amourtt of land area for mortgages. Finally, the study proposes the adoption of an effective mode in the mortgage registration, the possibility of mortgage repayment in the discount rate, and the implementation of auction and sales through non-litigation procedures.
出处
《中国农村观察》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第2期15-26,共12页
China Rural Survey
关键词
土地承包经营权
抵押人
抵押权人
抵押权客体
物权变动
Land Contract and Management Right
Mortgagor
Mortgagee
Object of Mortgage
Right in Rem Alternation
