移民网络的编织与运转--民国浙南海外移民动因再探讨被引量：1

The Weave and Operation of Immigration Network——the Reexamination of the Reasons for Southern Zhejiang Immigration in the Republican Era

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摘要论文通过台湾国史馆所藏的外交部档案、青田档案馆所藏华侨档案、民国新闻媒体、20世纪80年代的浙南侨情调查等资料,进一步探讨了民国浙南海外移民动因。认为贫穷固然是晚清民国浙南乡民出国的最主要原因,但是移民中介所编织的跨国移民网络和输送通道,对于浙南移民在海外的大规模聚集起到了关键性的作用。如果说经济因素是推动浙南移民出国的根本动因,是第一动力,那么在移民中介组织形成后,以乡情为纽带,以上海为中心,通过诱导、发动、输送,俨然成为推动浙南移民出国的第二动力。出于利益的追逐,他们不仅提供各项出国服务,而且在浙南长期布点,流动演说,动员乡人出国,掀起地方出国浪潮。正是这样的移民中介组织,使得浙南移民在欧洲的先发优势转变成垄断优势,乃至成为在欧洲中国侨民的代名词,影响至今。 This paper further investigates and discusses the motivation of the from southern Zhejiang during the Republican era based on the archival sources of the Ministry of Diplomacy kept in ＂the Hall/Studio of National History＂ in Taiwan, the archival materials about overseas Chinese kept in the Qingtian Archive, newspapers, periodicals and medias from the Republican era, and the records of the investigation of conditions of emigrants from southern Zhejiang in the 1980s. The study pointes out indeed poverty was the most important reason that Zhejiangnese went overseas during the late Qing dynasty and Republican era, but the transnational immigration network and the transportation route that was weaved by the immigration agencies also played a crucial role in the large-scale gathering of southern Zhejiang immigrants in abroad. If the economy factor is the fundamental and first motivation that pushes Zhejiangnese to go abroad, then after the formation of the immigration agent organization, they tied with ＂the attachment to hometown＂ and centered in Shanghai, through virtue of incentive, initiation andtransportation obviously became the second motivation that pushes Zhejiangnese to go abroad. Due to the pursuit of interests, the immigration agencies not only provided various services for going abroad, but also distributed centers in southern Zhejiang for many years, made speeches sites to sites, motivated fellow villagers to go abroad and raised the tide of the going abroad in local regions. Because of such immigration agent organizations, the dominant of southern Zhejiang immigrants in Europe turned from advanced to monopoly, and southern Zhejiang people have become synonymous to Chinese immigrants in Europe, and their influence has been lasting to the present.

作者徐立望 XU Li-wang(College of Humanities, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China)

机构地区浙江大学人文学院

出处《华侨华人历史研究》 CSSCI 2017年第1期59-67,共9页 Journal of Overseas Chinese History Studies