摘要
目的初探公平因素在框架效应下是否对公民的风险决策造成影响。方法招募被试160名,发放由亚洲疾病问题改编的问卷,分别以获益与损失框架进行描述。160名被试分4组完成决策问题,对其决策结果进行评估。结果在相对公平与相对不公平的两种情况下,分别以正负框架描述方案结局时,人们的倾向不同。在相对公平的情况下,以正框架描述,人们显著倾向保守方案(3.02±1.46);当以负框架描述时,人们显著倾向冒险方案(4.15±1.37),此时,框架效应显著(t=3.57,P<0.01)。而在相对不公平的情况下,无论以正框架或以负框架描述,人们均倾向冒险方案(4.75±1.21,4.95±0.90),此时,并没有发现显著的框架效应(t=0.84,P=0.41)。且无论以正框架描述,还是以负框架描述,相较于相对不公平的情况,在相对公平的情况下,人们均更倾向于保守方案(t正框架=5.77,P<0.01;t负框架=3.09,P<0.01)。结论在相对公平的情况下,人们能够接受确定方案,选择风险规避;而在相对不公平的情况下,此时,无论以何种框架描述,决策者都会更加追求公平正义,而倾向冒险。框架效应仅出现在保守方案与冒险方案公平性接近的时候,说明公平感对风险决策有重要影响。
[Objective] To carry out a preliminary study on effect of fairness on risk decision-making under framing effect.[Methods]160 subjects were recruited,and the questionnaires designed according to Asian disease problem were distributed. The framework of benefit and loss were described respectively. 160 subjects were divided into 4 groups to complete decision-making problems,and finally to assess the decision-making results. [Results]In the two cases of relative fairness and relative unfairness,people tended to differ in their positive and negative framework. In a relatively fair situation,people marked tendency toward conservative scheme（3.02 ±1.46） with a positive framework for describing,while they marked tendency toward adventures（4.15±1.37）when described in a negative frame,which indicated the framing effect was significant（t=3.57,P〈0.01）. In a relatively unfair situation,people tended to take risks（4.75±1.21,4.95±0.90）whether described in positive frames or negative frames,which revealed that no significant frame effect was found（t =0.84,P =0.41）. And whether it was described in a positive framework or a negative framework,people were more likely to be conservative in a relatively fair situation than in a relatively unfair situation（tpositive framework=5.77,P〈0.01,tnegative framework=3.09,P〈0.01）. [Conclusion]In a relatively fair situation,people can accept the definition of the program and select the risk aversion,and in a relatively unfair situation,and in a relatively unfair situation,no matter what the framework described,policy makers will be more the pursuit of fairness and justice,and tends to take risks. The frame effect only occurs when the conservative scheme is close to the fairness of the risk-taking plan,which shows that the sense of fairness has important influence on the risk decision-making.
作者
黄荷
宋蕾
毛男
肖玮
苗丹民
HUANG He SONG Lei MAO Nan XIAO Wei MIAO Dan-min(Department of Aerospace psychology,School of Medical psychology,Fourth Military Medical University,Xi＇an Shaanxi, 710032, China Department of Political, Military Economics Academy of PLA , Wuhan Hubei, 430035, China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2017年第1期77-79,共3页
Occupation and Health
基金
陕西省自然科学基金(2014JM4130)
军人群体信息损伤预警与防护(AWS13J003)
关键词
决策
框架效应
公平判断
公平感
Decision-making
Framing effect
Justice judgments
Fairness
