摘要
西晋元康时期,为纠正"贵无"派产生的虚无放诞弊端,郭象将"治之具"看成是圣王遵循"治之道"的自然结果,强调"道不离器";为缓解"崇有"派导致的名教严重异化现象,郭象将"治之道"看成是圣王实施"治之具"的价值主导原则,强调"即器求道"。此外,郭象还以"迹"与"所以迹"来说明"治之具"与"治之道"的关系,并认为二者不是决定和被决定的关系,而是一种显露和被显露、呈现和被呈现的关系。这就肯定了"治之具"存在的合理性与必要性,确立了"治之道"的价值主导原则。在此基础上,郭象提出了"治之具"与"治之道"相统一的"君主无为即臣民自治"的政治理想,为调和当时社会的"贵无"与"崇有"两派以及缓解有与无、有为与无为、名教与自然、社会体制与个体自由之间的矛盾提供了一套理论方案。
During the Yuan-kang period （291-199）, in order to rectify those dissipated and unrestrained malpractices caused by the views of ＂upholding nonbeing＂ （gui wu 贵无）, Guo Xiang （252-312） averred that the ＂tools for administration＂ were natural results from the sage kings＇ following the ＂Dao of administration＂, emphasizing the inseparability between Dao and utensils; in order to relieve the serious alienation of Confucian doctrines due to stress on ＂venerating being＂ （chong you 崇有）, Guo Xiang viewed the ＂Dao of administration＂ as the leading principle of value for sage kings to apply the ＂tools of ad- ministration＂ to governance, stressing ＂seeking Dao from utensils.＂ In addition, Guo Xiang compared the relationship be- tween ＂traces＂ and ＂that which gave rise to the traces＂ to the relationship between ＂tools for administration＂ and ＂Dao of ad- ministration＂, and upheld that it was not a relationship between determining and being determined but a relationship between appearing and being made to appear or a relationship between presenting and being presented. In this way, not only did he af- firm the rationality and necessity for the existence of the ＂tools for administration＂, but also established the role of the ＂Dao of administration＂ as the guiding principle of value. On this basis, Guo Xiang set forth his political ideal that ＂the sovereign ＇s modality non-action while the ministers and people are autonomous＂ under his idea of unity of the ＂tools form administra tion＂ and ＂Dao of administration＂, and offered a set of theoretic schemes to reconcile the above-mentioned two schools and relieve the contradictions between non-being and being, between Confucian teachings and nature, between social institution and individual freedom.
出处
《周易研究》
CSSCI
2017年第1期89-96,共8页
Studies of Zhouyi
关键词
郭象
政治理想
治之具
治之道
直道而行
Guo Xiang political ideal
tools for administration Dao of administration acting along with the Dao
