摘要
研究北京市门头沟区雷电的特征变化及活动规律,加强雷电灾害防御、防雹增雨,对门头沟区的雷电灾害进行风险区划及分析,提出合理的防范措施与建议,提高风险管理的能力,力求减少雷电灾害造成的损失,对促进经济、社会的协调发展等十分重要。本文利用1980—2013年门头沟区气象台及斋堂观测站常规地面观测资料,分析门头沟区雷暴变化的气候特征及风险区划。结果表明:门头沟区气象台及斋堂站年平均雷暴日数分别为36、41 d。20世纪90年代初期至2013年雷暴日数呈逐渐下降趋势,并有明显的季、月变化;5—6月迅速增多,7—9月变化逐渐减少。雷暴13:00—20:00发生频率最高。雷暴日出现最多的年份在1986年斋堂(58 d),最少的年份为2013年门头沟城区(24 d)。门头沟区雷电灾害总体表现:一是雷电灾害多呈周期性和季节性;二是由于山区地形复杂,局地小气候特征明显,极易发生局地强天气;三是由于山区交通不便,居民防灾减灾意识相对淡薄,极易导致严重的人员生命财产损失。因此,对门头沟区进行雷电特征分析及区划具有重要意义。
The paper studied the change characteristics and rules of thunder in Mentougou District of Beijing City,strengthened thunder protection and hail precipitation, conducted the risk zoning and assessment of lightning disaster in Mentougou area, put forward reasonable suggestions and preventive measures ,in order to improve the ＇ability of risk management, reduce the losses caused by thunder disaster, which was very important to Promote harmonious development of economic and society. The ground observation data of Mentougou Meteorological Observatory and Zhaitang Station during 1980-2013 was used to analyze the thunderstorm climate characteristics and risk zoning. The results showed that average annual number of thunderstorm clays of Mentougou Meteorological Observatory and Zhaitang Station were 36 days and 41 days ,respectively. From early 1990s to 2013 ,the number of thunderstorm days decreased gradually ,and showed obvious seasonal and monthly change. The changes increased rapidly from May to June, and reduced gradually from July to September. At 13：00 and 20：00,the thunderstorm occurrence frequency was the highest. The most annual thunderstorm days appeared at Zhaitang in 1986 （58 d ）, and the least annual thunderstorm days appeared at Mentougou District in 2013 （24 d ）.The characteristics of lightning disaster in Mentougou District were as follows：firstly,the thunder disaster changed cyclically and seasonally;secondly,the terrain in mountainous area was complex,and the local microclimate characteristics was obvious,which led to focal strony weather easily ; thirdly,due to the traffic inconvenience in mountainous area,residents＇ consciousness of disaster prevention and reduction was relatively weak,it was easily lead to serious loss of life and property. Therefore,thunder characteristic analysis and risk zoning in Mentougou District is important.
出处
《现代农业科技》
2017年第3期189-192,共4页
Modern Agricultural Science and Technology
关键词
雷暴
气候变化特征
灾害防御
北京门头沟
thunderstorm
climate change characteristics
disaster prevention
Mentougou Beijing
