摘要
为了探究不同株高类型甬优系列籼粳杂交稻产量差异及其形成机理,以株高S型(株高<135cm)、M型(株高140~150cm)、H型(株高>155cm)甬优系列籼粳杂交稻为试验材料进行2年试验,比较不同株高类型产量及其构成因素、茎蘖动态、干物质积累与转运、叶面积动态、光合势与粒叶比以及冠层结构等特征差异。结果表明,与株高S、H型相比,M型增产21.26%和30.50%,结实率高,千粒重大。有效分蘖临界叶龄期到拔节期,M型茎蘖数增长较为缓慢,拔节后群体茎蘖数下降平缓;抽穗前,M型群体干物质积累量较小,抽穗到成熟期干物质积累量大,达10.51t·hm-2;抽穗至成熟期,M型单茎鞘重呈"V"型变化,最大输出量、最大输出率以及最大转化率均以S型最大,表观输出量、表观输出率、表观转化率均以M型最小;结实期,M型叶面积衰减缓慢,光合势、粒叶比较高。与S、H型相比,M型上3叶长宽大小适宜,叶片受光姿态良好,群体的冠层透光性好。甬优系列籼粳杂交稻株高适宜的M型在较大库容的基础上,依靠合理的冠层结构和较大的叶面积指数,中后期拥有较强的光合物质生产与转运能力,保持库容流的稳定性,促进库容的充实,最终实现高产。本研究结果对籼粳杂交稻株高性状的选育具有重要意义。
In order to study the differences in grain yield and formation mechanism of indica-japonica hybrids of Yongyou series in different plant height types under the high yield cultivation conditions,a field experiment was conducted with short type（ 〈 135cm） including Yongyou1952,Yongyou1956,and Yongyou4395,middle type（ 140 to 150cm）including Yongyou4340, Yongyou4348, and Yongyou4356, high type（ 〉 155cm） including Yongyou4304,Yongyou4306,Yongyou4377,and Yongyou5373. Differences in grain yield and its components,stems and tillers dynamics,dry matter accumulation and translocation,dynamics of leaf area,photosynthetic potential and canopy structure characteristics were analyzed systematically. The two-year results showed that the grain yield of M type was increased by 21. 26% and 30. 50% compared with the types of S and H,which was mainly attributed to its higher seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight. From the critical stage of productive tillering to jointing stage,growth rate of the stems and tillers of M type was relatively slow,and after the jointing stage,the number of stems and tillers decreased.The dry matter accumulation of M type was small before heading,which reached 10. 51t·hm2from heading to maturing stage. From heading to maturity,the single stem of M type showed ＂V＂shape change and the maximum output,the maximum output rate and the maximum conversion rate of S type was the highest. In addition,the apparent output,the apparent output rate,and the apparent conversion rate from heading to maturity of M type were the smallest. During grain filling,the leaf area of M type decreased slowly,photosynthetic potential and grain-leaf ratio were higher.Compared with S and H types,the width and size of the top three leaves was appropriate,and the posture by light and canopy light transmittance were both great. M type had large storage capacity depending on reasonable canopy structure and large LAI. The production and transport capacity of the photosynthetic material were strong in the middle and l
出处
《核农学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第1期135-144,共10页
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD16B03)
江苏省科技支撑计划(2013394)
关键词
甬优系列籼粳杂交稻
株高
产量
形成机理
indica-japonica hybrids of Yongyou series
plant height
grain yield
formation mechanism
