摘要
【目的】旨在阐明"籼改粳"的生产优势,并从栽培角度系统研究其优势形成的生理生态机理。【方法】2010—2011年,在长江下游稻麦两熟制地区(江苏扬州、兴化、东海),以当地代表性的粳稻品种(武运粳24号、徐稻3号、连粳7号、徐优733等)和籼稻品种(两优培九、Ⅱ优084、新两优6380、扬两优6号等)为材料,系统比较研究籼粳稻的生育安全性、产量、品质、温光资源利用、群体生长发育动态、株型和倒伏性状等方面的差异。【结果】在机插和摆栽两种轻简栽培条件下,粳稻生育安全性优于籼稻,后期耐低温,灌浆持续时间长。两年粳稻的平均产量,扬州分别为10.90和10.87 t.hm-2,兴化分别为10.93和10.65 t.hm-2,东海分别为10.49和10.41 t.hm-2,显著或极显著高于籼稻。粳稻群体颖花量与籼稻相当或略少于籼稻,但籽粒的充实性状优于籼稻,这也是粳稻获得较高产量的关键。粳稻加工品质和蒸煮食味品质显著或极显著优于籼稻,外观品质和营养品质稍逊于籼稻。"籼改粳"生产优势形成的生理生态特征为:粳稻全生育期较籼稻明显延长,灌浆后期粳稻更能适应温凉天气,增加水稻对温光资源的利用,使得粳稻能够安全成熟;粳稻后期具有较高的光合生产能力,能够增加群体光合物质积累量,提高群体库容总充实量;同时,粳稻后期能够适应低温天气而不早衰,维持强壮根系和较高的茎鞘强度,增强群体抗倒伏能力,保证较大库容的安全充实与支撑。【结论】在机械化轻简化栽培条件下,粳稻更能充分利用温光资源,生育后期仍保持强劲生长优势,不仅能够安全成熟,而且产量高、品质优、效益好,综合生产力高。
【Objective】The objective of this study was to reveal the productive advantages of ＂indica rice to japonica rice＂ and summarize its physiological ecological mechanisms systematically from the viewpoint of cultivation.【Method】A field experiment was conducted with representative japonica rice varieties（Wuyunjing24,Xudao3,Lianjing7,Xuyou733,etc.） and indica rice varieties（Liangyoupeijiu,Ⅱyou084,Xinliangyou6380,Yangliangyou6,etc.） as materials in rice-wheat cropping areas（Yangzhou,Xinghua,Donghai of Jiangsu） in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in 2010-2011.Difference of growth security,grain yield,quality,utilization of temperature and solar radiation,dynamics of population growth,plant type and lodging characteristics between japonica rice and indica rice were studied systematically.【Result】Under the simplified cultivation conditions of mechanical and swing transplanting,the growth security of japonica rice was better than indica rice,for japonica rice possessed longer milky stage and the resistance to low temperature at the later period compared to indica rice.The average yields of japonica rice in both years were,10.90 and 10.87 t.hm-2in Yangzhou,10.93 and 10.65 t.hm-2in Xinghua,10.49 and 10.41 t.hm-2in Donghai,higher than indica rice significantly.Grain filling characteristics of japonica rice exceeded indica rice,which was the key point of harvesting high yield of japonica rice,with the roughly same level of population spikelets or slightly less.Milling quality and cooking and eating quality of japonica rice were better than indica rice significantly,while the appearance and nutritional quality followed an opposite tendency accordingly.The physiological ecological characteristics of productive advantages of ＂indica rice to japonica rice＂ were as follows.Firstly,growth duration of japonica rice was longer than indica rice significantly and japonica rice was more adapted to cool weather at the later period of grain filling,increasing utilization of temperature and solar radia
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第4期686-704,共19页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
科技部国家粮食丰产科技工程(2011BAD16B03)
农业部超级稻专项(02318802013231)
江苏省农业科技自主创新项目(CX(2)1003-9)
关键词
籼改粳
产量
品质
生育安全性
生理生态特征
indica rice to japonica rice
grain yield
quality
growth security
physiological ecological characteristics
