摘要
甲壳素是自然界含量丰富的可再生多糖资源,其衍生物壳聚糖、壳寡糖和单糖在医药、农业、食品和保健品等方面有广泛的应用。目前工业生产中常用酸水解法加工甲壳素,该方法存在产品品质难控制、环境污染严重等缺点,酶法加工具有条件温和、环境友好、产品纯度高等优点,因而受到广泛关注。本文对相关文献和专利进行了分析和归纳,系统阐述了各种几丁质酶、壳聚糖酶、脱乙酰基酶和氨基葡萄糖苷酶等的性质、底物特性和酶的表达水平,以及其在工业化应用中面临的问题,从已报道的文献来看,利用毕氏酵母表达的壳聚糖酶能满足大规模制备壳寡糖的要求,但其他的甲壳素衍生物的酶法加工还停留在实验室阶段,尚需进一步研究。
Chitin, as the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature, is a renewable biopolymer. Chitin and its derivatives chitosan, chitooligosaccharide, and monosaccharide have been widely used in medicine, agriculture, and food industries. Currently, chitin and its derivatives are mainly produced by acid-hydrolysis method, which presents shortcomings on quality control and may also bring severe environmental pollution. Under this circumstance, developing new method of producing chitin and its derivatives through enzymatic hydrolysis catches more and more concerns. In this review, the published literatures and patents of chitinases, chitosanases, chitin deacetylase and N-acetylglucosaminidases are analyzed and summarized to systematically interpret the characteristics, substrate specificity, heterologous expression, and industrial application of these enzymes. Current studies indicate that tremendous progress has been obtained and the heterologously expressed chitinase in Pichia pastoris is able to meet the requirements of largescale preparation of chitooligosaccharide. However, producing other chitin derivatives through enzymatic process to fit industrial needs still has some problems for further studies.
作者
姜红鹰
周玉玲
张桂敏
马立新
蒋思婧
JIANG Hongying ZHOU Yuling ZHANG Guimin MA Lixin JIANG Sijing(College of Life Sciences/Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Hubei province, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, Chin)
出处
《氨基酸和生物资源》
CAS
2016年第4期71-76,共6页
Amino Acids & Biotic Resources
基金
湖北省科技支撑项目"酶法制备氨基葡萄糖"资助(2015BCA271)
关键词
甲壳素酶法加工
甲壳素
壳聚糖
壳寡糖
氨基葡萄糖
enzymatic hydrolysis of chitin
chitin
chitosan
chitooligosaccharide
glucosamine
