摘要
水电工程生态环境效应与调控是国际水利科学研究的长期热点。中国西南地区属于典型的生态脆弱区,水电高坝大库梯级开发将会改变河流的水沙过程,从而影响河流中生源要素的生物地球化学行为及相应的物质场、能量场、化学场和生物场,最终改变河流生态系统。项目针对西南地区脆弱的生态现状,凝练出两大关键科学问题:1)西南水电开发下河流物质流能量流过程演变及累积效应;2)梯级高坝大库对河流重要生物、生境扰动与生态系统响应机制。提出3个亟需攻克的关键技术难题:1)水电梯级开发多目标生态水文过程调控及工程技术;2)梯级水电开发下重要鱼类保护与生境修复关键技术;3)维持大河流域生态系统稳态的保护与修复技术。最后,将三大关键技术难题细分为四大前沿研究方向及展望:1)总体遵循"非生物层(水、沙、盐、温)—生物层(微生物、藻类、底栖动物、珍稀特有鱼类)—系统层(水生生境、岸坡过渡带、水-陆耦合系统、流域)"层级递进的路线,开展生态影响机制与修复研究;2)阐明流域梯级水库(群)对关键生源要素生物地球化学过程的影响及其累积效应,构建多维度、多层次的耦合作用模型;3)揭示梯级高坝大库对河流关键物种及其生境的扰动规律,分析生态系统对水电开发的响应过程,以及鱼类生境修复及高坝过鱼技术;4)河流健康问题的研究已从概念研究向应用研究转化,在河流生态修复和生态调度中的应用是其未来的发展方向。
The ecological environment effects and regulations of the hydropower project have been the hot spots of the international water conservancy scientific research for a long time. The construction and operation of reservoir in Southwestern China,which belongs to the typically ecological vulnerable area, will inevitably change the hydrological processes of rivers, sequentially influencing the biogeochemi- cal behaviors of biogenic elements and the corresponding material field, energy field, chemical field and biological field. Consequently, the ecological function of river ecosystem will be seriously affected by the hydropower development. Based on the present situation of fragile ecology in Southwestern China, two key scientific issues were proposed in this project：l ）the evolution and cumulative effects of the material and energy flow process in river under the condition of hydropower development in Southwestern China;2）the disturbance effects of high dams and large reservoirs on the important organism and habitats in river as well as the responses mechanisms of the eco- logical system. Additionally,three key technical problems that need to conquer urgently were raised： 1 ）multi-objective ecological and hydrological processes regulation and engineering technologies of the hydropower cascade development ;2）key technologies of the important fish protection and habitat restoration in the case of hydropower cascade development; 3 ） protection and recovery technologies to maintain the ecological system stability of the large river basin. Lastly, three key technical problems were divided into four frontier research aspects and outlook ： 1 ） conducting the researches of ecological influencing mechanisms and restoration following the progressive levels of courses with ＂abiotic level （ water, sand, salt, temperature） -biotic level （ microorganisms, algae, zoobenthos are and endemicfish）--system level （aquatic habitat, bank slop transition zone,water-land coupling system, basin）＂ ;2）iUu
出处
《工程科学与技术》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第1期19-26,共8页
Advanced Engineering Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFC0502200)
关键词
梯级开发
高坝大库
生态保护
环境影响
cascade development
high dam and large reservoir
ecological protection
environmental implication
